Xác định nồng độ mol của dd trong các trường hợp sau đây:
a/ H2SO4 đặc chứa 2% nước, có tỉ khối D = 1,84g/ml
b/ dd KOH 14% có D = 1,13 g/ml
c/ dd ZnCl2 25% có D = 1,238g/cm3
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1)
a,\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,242}=0,83M\)
\(C\%_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{8.100\%}{242}=3,3\%\)
b,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,15=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,03 0,015
\(C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
PTHH: \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,4\cdot56}{6\%}}{1,048}\approx356,2\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,3562}\approx0,36\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,2.........0,4........0,2.......0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56.100}{6}=\dfrac{1120}{3}\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1120}{3}}{1,048}=\dfrac{140000}{393}\left(ml\right)\approx0,356\left(l\right)\)
\(b.C_{MddK_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{\dfrac{140000}{393}+0,2}\approx0,00056\left(M\right)\)
a) GS có x mol HCl
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}\)mHClHCl=36,5x
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}\)=36,5x/37%=98,65x
\(\Rightarrow V_{dd}=\frac{m_{dd}}{D}\)=\(\frac{98,65x}{1,19}\)=82,9x (ml)
\(\Rightarrow CM_{dd_{HCl}}\)=x/0,0829x=12M
b) GS có x mol HCl
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}\)=36,5x
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}\)=x/10,81 lít
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}\)=1/10,81.1000.1,17.x=108,233x
\(\Rightarrow\)C%=36,5/108,233.100%=33,72%
GS có x mol HClHCl
=>mHClHCl=36,5x
=>mdd HClHCl=36,5x/37%=98,65x
=>Vdd=mdd/D=98,65x/1,19=82,9x (ml)
=>CM dd HClHCl=x/0,0829x=12M
b) GS có x mol HClHCl
=>mHClHCl=36,5x
Vdd HClHCl=x/10,81 lít
=>mdd HClHCl=1/10,81.1000.1,17.x=108,233x
=>C%=36,5/108,233.100%=33,72%
\(a.C_M=\dfrac{0,06}{1,5}=0,04M\\ b.C_M=\dfrac{\dfrac{400}{160}}{4}=0,625M\\ c.C_M=\dfrac{\dfrac{10,53}{58,5}}{\dfrac{450}{1,25}:1000}=0,5M\\ d.C_M=\dfrac{\dfrac{70,2}{40}}{0,5}=3,51M\\ e.C_M=\dfrac{\dfrac{42}{200}}{\dfrac{742}{1,3}:1000}=0,368M\)