Hoà tan 2,7g nhôm bằng 200 ml dung dịch axit H 2 SO 4 vừa đủ.
a. Tính thể tích hiđro thoát ra ở đktc.
b. Tính khối lượng muối thu được sau phản ứng.
c. Tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch axit H 2 SO 4 cần dùng.
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{FeSO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{FeSO4}=0,1.152=15,2\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{10}=98\left(g\right)\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{250}=5,84\)0/0
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=0,4(mol)\\ a/\\ n_{H_2}=\frac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44(l)\\ b/\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6(mol)\\ n_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{0,6.98.100}{20}=294(g)\\ c/\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,2(mol)\\ C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\frac{0,2.342}{10,8+294-0,6.2}.100\%=22,52\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b) \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V=\left(0,2+0,15\right).22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(1\right)}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35.98}{20\%}=171,5\left(g\right)\)
d) \(m_{ddsaupu}=4,8+2,7+171,5-0,35.2=178,3\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120.0,1}{178,3}.100=6,73\%\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,05}{178,3}.100=9,59\%\)
a,Mg+H2SO4-> MgSO4 +H2
2Al +3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 +3H2
b, n(Mg)=0,2mol
n(Al)=0,1mol
Số mol H2SO4=số mol H2= 0,2+ 0,1*3/2 =0,35mol
V(H2)= 7,84lit
c, MgSO4: m=0,2*120=24(g)
Al2(SO4)3 : m=342*0,05= 17,1(g)
d, khối lượng H2SO4= 0,35*98=34,3(g)
Khối lượng dd H2SO4 là:
m(dd)=34,3*100/20 = 171,5(g)
e,khối lượng dd sau pứ
m= m(Mg) +m(Al) + m(dd H2SO4) -m(H2) = 4,8+2,7+171,5-0,35*2=178,3(g)
C%(MgSO4)= 24*100%/178,3 =13,46%
C%(Al2SO4)3 = 17,1*100%/178,3 =9,59%
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=\dfrac{1,42}{142}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
0,02<-----------0,01-------->0,01
=> VH2 = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 (l)
\(C_{M\left(CH_3COOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1M\)
b)
PTHH: CH3COOH + NaOH --> CH3COONa + H2O
0,02------>0,02
=> \(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(l\right)=100\left(ml\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: `Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
0,05->0,1----->0,05---->0,05
`=> V_{ddHCl} = (0,1)/2 = 0,05 (l)`
b) `V_{H_2} = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)`
c) `C_{M(FeCl_2)} = (0,05)/(0,05) = 1M`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`a)PTHH:`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`
`0,2` `0,6` `0,3` `(mol)`
`n_[Al]=[5,4]/27=0,2(mol)`
`b)V_[H_2]=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)`
`c)m_[dd HCl]=[0,6.36,5]/10 . 100 =219(g)`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
(mol)_____0,2____0,2______0,2____0,2__
\(a.V_{H_2}=22,4.0,2=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98.100}{24,5}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c.m_{ddspu}=13+80-0,2.2=92,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddspu}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{92,6}.100=29,4\left(\%\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al++3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,1.3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddH2SO4}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\)
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