Cho x,y>0 thoả mãn: x+y\(\le\) 1. Tìm Min: P=\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}+4xy\)
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`P=1/(x^2+y^2)+1/(xy)+4xy`
`=1/(x^2+y^2)+1/(2xy)+4xy+1/(4xy)+1/(4xy)`
Áp dụng bunhia dạng phân thức
`=>1/(x^2+y^2)+1/(2xy)>=4/(x+y)^2`
Mà `(x+y)^2<=1`
`=>1/(x^2+y^2)+1/(2xy)>=4`
Áp dụng cosi:
`4xy+1/(4xy)>=2`
`4xy<=(x+y)^2<=1`
`=>1/(4xy)>=1`
`=>P>=4+2+1=7`
Dấu "=" `<=>x=y=1/2`
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
áp dụng BDT AM-GM
\(=>x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>1\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{2}=>xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+2xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2.\dfrac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2=4+2=6\)
dấu"=" xảy ra \(< =>x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(x+y=xy\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow a+b=1\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{1+a-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{1+b-b^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2+a+b-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\)
Có \(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\)\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}}\)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}\) (theo bunhia dưới mẫu)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
Tương tự cũng có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{y+z+2x}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{z+x+2y}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).
2.
\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )
\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}+4xy=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{4xy}+4xy+\dfrac{5}{4xy}\)Áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\left(a,b>0\right)\)(bn tự cm BĐT này) và BĐT cauchy ta có:
\(A\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+2xy+y^2}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4xy}.4xy}+\dfrac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)=
\(=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2+\dfrac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge4+2+5=11\)(vì x+y\(\le\)1)
Vậy Min A = 11 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(x^4+y^2\geq 2\sqrt{x^4y^2}=2x^2y\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x^4+y^2}\leq \frac{x}{2x^2y}=\frac{1}{2xy}=\frac{1}{2}(1)\)
\(x^2+y^4\geq 2\sqrt{x^2y^4}=2xy^2\Rightarrow \frac{y}{x^2+y^4}\leq \frac{y}{2xy^2}=\frac{1}{2xy}=\frac{1}{2}(2)\)
Lấy \((1)+(2)\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=1\)
Vậy \(A_{\max}=1\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Câu 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)(x^2+y^2+2xy)\geq (1+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\geq \frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\frac{4}{(x+y)^2}\geq \frac{4}{1}=4(*)\)
(do \(x+y\leq 1\) )
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{4xy}{4xy}}=2(**)\)
\(x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow 1\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{5}{4xy}\geq \frac{5}{4.\frac{1}{4}}=5(***)\)
Cộng \((*)+(**)+(***)\Rightarrow B\geq 4+2+5=11\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=11\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2+4xy\)
Do x,y\(\ge\)0
Ta có: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy\ge4xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)(*)
Và \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Rightarrow x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)(**)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (*) ta có: \(A=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2+4xy\ge\left(\frac{4}{x+y}\right)^2+4xy=\frac{16}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+4xy\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (**) ta có:\(A\ge\frac{16}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+4xy\ge2\sqrt{\frac{16}{\left(x+y\right)^2}.4xy}=2.\frac{8\sqrt{xy}}{x+y}\ge16\sqrt{xy}\)(do x+y\(\le\)1)
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