cho a,b,c là các số hữu tỉ thỏa mãn:abc=1 và \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}=\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}\) tìm a,b,c
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a}{b^2},\frac{b}{c^2},\frac{c}{a^2}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\frac{abc}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{1}{abc}=1\)
Theo bài ra ta có : \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}=\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-x-y+1\right)-1+z\left(x+y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-x-y+1\right)+z\left(x+y-1-xy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)-z\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(1-z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b^2}{b^2}.\frac{b-c^2}{c^2}.\frac{a^2-c}{a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b^2\right)\left(b-c^2\right)\left(c-a^2\right)=0\)
Ta có đpcm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1/ Đặt
\(\frac{a}{b^2}=x,\frac{b}{c^2}=y,\frac{c}{a^2}=z,xyz=1\)thì ta có
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=1;z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=1;\frac{b}{c^2}=1;\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b^2;b=c^2;c=a^2\)
2/ Đặt
\(ab=x,bc=y,ca=z\) cần tính
\(P=\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}=\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=-1\)
Xét \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: ab2+bc2+ca2=a2c+b2a+c2bab2+bc2+ca2=a2c+b2a+c2b
⇔a3c2+b3a2+c3b2=b3c+c3a+a3b
⇔a3c2+b3a2+c3b2=b3c+c3a+a3b ( Do a2b2c2=abc=1)
⇔ a3c2+b3a2+c3b2 -b3c-c3a-a3b+a2b2c2-abc=0( Do a2b2c2=abc=1)
⇔(a2b2c2−a3c2)−(b3a2−a3b)−(c3b2−c3a)+(b3c−abc)=0
⇔(a2b2c2−a3c2)−(b3a2−a3b)−(c3b2−c3a)+(b3c−abc)=0
Tự phân tích thành nhân tử nhá: ⇔(b2−a)(c2−b)(a2−c)=0⇔(b2−a)(c2−b)(a2−c)=0
Đến đây suy ra ĐPCM