Giải hệ phương trình :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-2+\sqrt{y\left(x-y-1\right)+x}=0\\3\sqrt{8-x}-\dfrac{4y}{\sqrt{y+1}+1}=x^2-14y-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ĐKXĐ:...
Từ pt đầu:
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+y\sqrt{y^2+1}=x-2y+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+1+2y\sqrt{y^2+1}+y^2=2x-4y+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{y^2+1}+y\right)^2=2x-4y+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{y^2+1}+y=\sqrt{2x-4y+2}\)
Thế xuống pt dưới:
\(x+\sqrt{x^2-2x+5}=1+2\sqrt{y^2+1}+2y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2+4}=2y+\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2+4}\)
Do hàm \(t+\sqrt{t^2+4}\) đồng biến
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=2y\Rightarrow x=2y+1\)
Thế vào pt đầu:
\(\left(y+1\right)^2+y\sqrt{y^2+1}=2y+\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+y\sqrt{y^2+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{y^2+1}+y\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{y^2+1}+y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{y^2+1}=2-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.Hệ thứ nhất kì quặc thật:
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{y^2+xy}+\sqrt{x+y}=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-\sqrt{y^2+xy}=\sqrt{x+y}-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+xy}}=\dfrac{x+y-4}{\sqrt{x+y}+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-4\right)=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+xy}}{x\sqrt{x+y}+2x}\right)\left(x+y-4\right)^2\ge0\) (1)
\(2.\dfrac{x}{2}\sqrt{y-1}+2.\dfrac{y}{2}\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{x^2}{4}+y-1+\dfrac{y^2}{4}+x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4y-4}{2}\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2+4x+4y-8}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2+4y-4x\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-4\right)\le0\) (2)
(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-4\right)=0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=2\)
b.
\(x^3-x^2y+2y^2-2xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)-2y\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2y\right)\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=x\) (loại \(x^2-2y=0\) do ĐKXĐ \(x^2-2y-1\ge0\))
Thế vào pt dưới
\(2\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}+\sqrt[3]{x^3-14}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}+\dfrac{x^3-14-\left(x-2\right)^3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^3-14\right)^2}+\left(x-2\right)\sqrt[3]{x^3-14}+\left(x-2\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{x^2-2x-1}\left(2+\dfrac{6\sqrt[]{x^2-2x-1}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^3-14\right)^2}+\left(x-2\right)\sqrt[3]{x^3-14}+\left(x-2\right)^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(y\left(y^2-5y+4\right)+y^2=\left(y^2-5y+4\right)\sqrt{x+1}+x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2-5y+4\right)\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)+\left(y+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left[\left(y-2\right)^2+\sqrt{x+1}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\sqrt{x+1}\Rightarrow y^2=x+1\)
Thế xuống pt dưới:
\(2\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+6x-7=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2+x\sqrt{3x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}-1\right)+x\left(x-\sqrt{3x-2}\right)=x^3-7x+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=0\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=x+3\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1) với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\):
\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}\le8-4\sqrt{3}< 1\)
\(\sqrt{3x-2}\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}< 2\\x+3>2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm