Bỏ 27,05 gam tinh thể FeCl3.6H2O vào 100 gam dung dịch NaOH 20% thu được m (gam) kết tủa và ddX
a) Tính m
b) Tính nồng độ phần trăm của các chất tan có trong ddX?
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nNa = 6.9 : 23 = 0.3 mol
4Na + O2 ->2 Na2O
mol : 0.3 -> 0.15
Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH
mol : 0.15 -> 0.3
mdd = 0.15 x 62 + 140.7 = 150g
C% NaOH = 0.3x40: 150 x 100% = 8%
\(\left(a\right)Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ DungdịchX:ZnCl_2, A:H_2,B:Ag\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65}=500\left(g\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow y=m_{Ag}=27,05-0,2.65=14,05\left(g\right)\\ \left(b\right):m_{ddsaupu}=0,2.65+500-0,2.2=512,6\left(g\right)\\ TheoPT:n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{512,5}.100=5,3\%\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10\%}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{150.8\%}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) => CuSO4 hết, NaOH dư
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
0,1------>0,2------->0,1------->0,1
=> m = 0,1.98 = 9,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH_{dư}}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 160 + 150 - 9,8 = 300,2 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH_{dư}}=\dfrac{4}{300,2}.100\%=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,2}{300,2}.100\%=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10}{100}=16\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8.150}{100}=12\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
LTL: \(0,1< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\rightarrow\) NaOH dư
Theo pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=160+150-9,8=300,2\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,2\right).40}{300,2}=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.142}{300,2}=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9,3}{62}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,15 0,3 (mol)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_A=90,7+9,3=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
b/
m\(_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{16.200}{100}=32\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{152}=\dfrac{4}{19}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+FeSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
bđ: 0,3 \(\dfrac{4}{19}\) 0 0 (mol)
pư: 0,3 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
dư: 0 \(\dfrac{23}{380}\) (mol)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.90=13,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_C=100+200-13,5=286,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,15.142=21,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,3}{286,5}.100\%\approx7,4\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{380}.152=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,2}{286,5}.100\%\approx3,2\%\)
nFeCl3.6H2O = 0,1 mol
=> nFeCl3 = nFeCl3.6H2O = 0,1 mol
mNaOH = 20 (g)
=> nNaOH = 0,5 mol
Pt: FeCl3 + 3NaOH --> 3NaCl + Fe(OH)3
.....0,1--------> 0,3-----> 0,3-------> 0,1
Xét tỉ lệ mol giữa FeCl3 và NaOH:
\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{3}\)
Vậy NaOH dư
mFe(OH)3 = 0,1 . 107 = 10,7 (g)
mdd sau pứ = mtinh thể + mdd NaOH - mkt
....................= 27,05 + 100 - 10,7 = 116,35 (g)
C% dd NaCl = \(\dfrac{0,3\times58,5}{116,35}.100\%=15,1\%\)
C% dd NaOH dư = \(\dfrac{\left(0,5-0,3\right).40}{116,35}.100\%=6,876\%\)
a) \(n_{FeCl_3.6H_2O}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.20}{100.40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
FeCl3 + 3NaOH \(\rightarrow\) Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
(mol) 0,1..........0,3.................0,1.................0,3
*Tỉ lệ mol:
\(n_{FeCl_3}\) : \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow NaOH\) dư
(1) \(\rightarrow\) \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.107=10,7\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{ddX}=m_{FeCl_3.6H_2O}+m_{ddNaOH}-m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}\)
\(=27,05+100-10,7\)
\(=116,35\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaCl/ddX}=\dfrac{0,3.58,5}{116,35}.100=15,08\%\)
\(C\%_{NaOHdư/ddX}=\dfrac{\left(0,5-0,3\right).40}{116,35}.100=6,88\%\)