Câu 4. Nung 31,6 gam KMnO 4 sau pư thu được 29,04 gam chất rắn. Tính hiệu suất pư?
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\(Đặt:n_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\\ 2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ Vì:m_{rắn}=29,04\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(31,6-158a\right)+197.0,5a+87.0,5a=29,04\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,16\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,16.158}{31,6}.100=80\%\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,03}{0,05}.100=60\%\)
2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
1,2-------------------------------------0,6 mol
n O2=13,44\22,4=0,6 mol
H =75%
=>m KMnO4 tt= 1,2.158 .100\75=252,8g
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 ---to→ K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Mol: 1,2 0,6
\(m_{KMnO_4\left(lt\right)}=1,2.158=189,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{189,6}{75}.100=252,8\left(g\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{KClO_3\left(LT\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KCl}=a\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=30,99\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(36,75-122,5a\right)+74,5a=30,99\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,12\\ m_{KClO_3\left(LT\right)}=0,12.122,5=14,7\left(g\right)\\ H=\dfrac{14,7}{36,75}.100=40\%\)
2KClO3-to>2KCl+3O2
0,06-----------------0,09 mol
n O2=2,016\22,4=0,09 mol
=>H =0,06.122,5\12,25 .100=60%
\(n_{O_2\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{2,016}{22,4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{12,25}{122,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,09}{0,15}.100=60\%\)
a)
PTHH :
2KMnO4 -----> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
x...........................x/2...............x/2............x/2
Gọi x là số mol KMnO4 phản ứng
=> mK2MnO4 = 98,5x (g)
mMnO2 = 43,5x (g)
mKMnO4 (dư) = 31,6 - 158x (g)
=> mCR (sau) = 98,5x + 43,5x + 31,6 - 158x
=> 29,04 = -16x + 31,6
=> 2,56 = 16x
=> 0,16 = x (mol)
Theo đề bài :
mKMnO4 = 31,6 (g)
=> nKMnO4 = 31,6 : 158 = 0,2 (mol)
=> H% = 0,16 : 0,2 . 100% = 80 %
b)
Ta có :
mKMnO4 (dư) = 31,6 - 0,16 . 158 = 6,32 (g)
=> %mKMnO4 (dư) (trong X) = 6,32 : 29,04 . 100% = 21,76 (%)
mK2MnO4 = 98,5x = 15,76 (g)
=> %mK2MnO4 (trong X) = 15,76 : 29,04 . 100% = 54,27 (%)
=> %mMnO2 (trong X) = 100% - 21,76% - 54,27% = 23,97 (%)
a) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL
=> \(m=28,4+0,4.18-0,4.2=34,8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{Fe\left(X\right)}=\dfrac{28,4.59,155\%}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
nO = nH2O = 0,4 (mol)
=> nFe : nO = 3:4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4
c) \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{34,8}{232}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(bd\right)}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{4}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo Fe3O4
nFe(X) = 0,3 (mol)
=> nFe3O4 (bị khử) = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}.100\%=66,67\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt.oxit.sắt:Fe_xO_y\left(x,y:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Fe_xO_y+yH_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)xFe+yH_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{y}< \dfrac{0,8}{y}\\ \Rightarrow H_2dư\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{H_2O}=n_{O\left(mất\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a,m=m_{oxit}=m_{rắn}+m_O=28,4+0,4.16=34,8\left(g\right)\\b,m_{Fe}=28,4.59,155\%=16,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x:y=0,3:0,4=3:4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\\ c,n_{Fe_3O_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{34,8}{232}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(LT\right)}=3.0,15=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe\left(TT\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}.100=66,667\%\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ Đặt:n_{CuO\left(p.ứ\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right);m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=24-80a\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{rắn}=m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}+m_{Cu}=\left(24-80a\right)+64a=21,6\\ \Leftrightarrow-16a=-2,4\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,15\\ Vậy:H=\dfrac{0,15.80}{24}.100\%=50\%\\ b,n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=a=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:H=90\%\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(TT\right)}=90\%.0,3=0,27\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc,thực.tế\right)}=0,27.22,4=6,048\left(l\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\\ 2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=0,2-a\left(mol\right)\\ n_{K_2MnO_4}=n_{MnO_2}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=29,04\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}+m_{K_2MnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=29,04\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(31,6-158a\right)+197a.0,5+87a.0,5=29,04\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,16\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,16}{0,2}.100=80\%\)