Chứng minh rằng: \(\left|\dfrac{m}{n}-\sqrt{2}\right|\ge\dfrac{1}{n^2\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
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H
25 tháng 5 2023
Ta chứng minh 2 bất đẳng thức phụ sau: với x, y, z dương thì:
\(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
+ Chứng minh BĐT (1), sử dụng BĐT AM - GM:
\(x^4+x^4+y^4+z^4\ge4x^2yz\)
\(y^4+y^4+x^4+z^4\ge4xy^2z\)
\(z^4+z^4+x^4+y^4\ge4xyz^2\)
Cộng dồn lại ta có: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
+ Chứng minh BĐT (2). Ta có:
\(\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)=1+x+y+z+xy+yz+xyz\ge1+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}+3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}+xyz=\left(1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}\right)^3\)
Bây giờ ta quay lại chứng minh BĐT ở đề.
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với BĐT sau:
\(\sqrt[4]{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^4}\ge\sqrt[4]{3}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{243}}{2+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\dfrac{3}{2+abc}\right)^4\)
Sử dụng BĐT (1) ta có:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Sử dụng BĐT (2) và BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\left(3+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc.1.1}}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\dfrac{3}{2+abc}\right)^4\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c.
24 tháng 6 2018
Câu 1:
\(\sqrt{x-a}+\sqrt{y-b}+\sqrt{z-c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-a}+2\sqrt{y-b}+2\sqrt{z-c}=x+y+z\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}+3-a-b-c=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-a\right)-2\sqrt{x-a}+1\right]+\left[\left(y-b\right)-2\sqrt{y-b}+1\right]+\left[\left(z-c\right)-2\sqrt{z-c}+1\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-a}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-c}-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-b}-1=0\\\sqrt{z-c}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}=1\\\sqrt{y-b}=1\\\sqrt{z-c}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-a=1\\y-b=1\\z-c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+1\\y=b+1\\z=c+1\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy \(\left\{x;y;z\right\}=\left\{a+1;b+1;c+1\right\}\)
24 tháng 6 2018
Câu 2:
\(\text{ a) Ta có }:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{n-n+1}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Lại có: }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{n+1-n}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-n\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
b) Áp dụng bất đảng thức ở câu a:
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\\ >2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}+...+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>2\left(\sqrt{100}-1\right)=2\left(10-1\right)=18\left(3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}< 2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}+...+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\cdot\sqrt{100}=2\cdot10=20\left(4\right)\)
Từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\Rightarrow18< S< 20\)
22 tháng 11 2021
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}}{k-k-1}=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\\ \Leftrightarrow\text{Đặt}\text{ }A=\dfrac{1}{3\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{5\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{4021\left(\sqrt{2011}+\sqrt{2010}\right)}< \dfrac{1}{2\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{2\left(\sqrt{2011}+\sqrt{2010}\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2011}+\sqrt{2010}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2011}-1\right)< \dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{2011}-1}{\sqrt{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
30 tháng 6 2021
Bạn tham khảo câu số 9:
mọi người giúp em mấy bài này với ạ =((( - Hoc24