IMO 1979 - Bài 1:
Cho m, n là những số nguyên dương thỏa mãn:
\(\dfrac{m}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...-\dfrac{1}{1318}+\dfrac{1}{1319}\)
Chứng minh rằng: m chia hết cho 1979
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thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+a\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{a^3}}=\dfrac{2}{a}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b^3}+b\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^3}+c\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}+a+b+c\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) (1)
Lại có \(\dfrac{4a}{a^4+1}\le\dfrac{4a}{2\sqrt{a^4}}=\dfrac{4a}{2a^2}=\dfrac{2}{a}\)
Tương tự \(\dfrac{4b}{b^4+1}\le\dfrac{2}{b}\) ; \(\dfrac{4c}{c^4+1}\le\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\dfrac{a}{a^4+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^4+1}+\dfrac{c}{c^4+1}\right)\le2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) (2)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}+a+b+c\ge4\left(\dfrac{a}{a^4+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^4+1}+\dfrac{c}{c^4+1}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
a) Giải:
Ta có: \(4n-5=4\left(n-3\right)+7\)
Để \(\left(4n-5\right)⋮\left(n-3\right)\Leftrightarrow7⋮n-3\)
\(\Rightarrow n-3\inƯ\left(7\right)\)
Mà \(Ư\left(7\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)
Nên ta có bảng sau:
\(n-3\) | \(n\) |
\(1\) | \(4\) |
\(-1\) | \(2\) |
\(-7\) | \(-4\) |
\(7\) | \(10\) |
Vậy \(n=\left\{2;4;-4;10\right\}\)
b) Ta có:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}+\left(\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\right)\)
Nhận xét:
\(\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}< \dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}< \dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}=\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{20}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(S=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\) \(< \dfrac{1}{2}\) (Đpcm)
\(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+x^2\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(x+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+2x^2+2x+1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x^2+x\right)^2+2\left(x^2+x\right)+1}{\left(x^2+x\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+x\right)^2}}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x^2+x}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(1\right).f\left(2\right)...f\left(2020\right)=5^{1+1-\dfrac{1}{2}+1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+1+\dfrac{1}{2020}-\dfrac{1}{2021}}\)
\(=5^{2021-\dfrac{1}{2021}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{m}{n}=2021-\dfrac{1}{2021}=\dfrac{2021^2-1}{2021}\)
\(\Rightarrow m-n^2=2021^2-1-2021^2=-1\)
Do a < b < c < d < m < n
=> 2c < c + d
m< n => 2m < m+ n
=> 2c + 2a +2m = 2 ( a + c + m) < a +b + c + d + m + n)
Do đó :
(a + c + m)/(a + b + c + d + m + n) < 1/2(đcpcm)
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