a) Chứng minh: \(2016^{2015}+2018^{2016}⋮2017\)
b) Cho x, y \(\ge\)1
Chứng minh: \(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\)
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\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+2}{\left(xy\right)^2+x^2+y^2+1}=1-\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-1}{\left(xy\right)^2+x^2+y^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-1}{\left(xy\right)^2+2xy+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge1-\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(xy-1\right)}{\left(xy+1\right)^2}=1-\dfrac{xy-1}{xy+1}=\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\) (đpcm)
b. Tương tự câu a:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+zx}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+yz}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{z+zx}\) (1)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z\ge1\Rightarrow1+xy\le1+xyz\\y\ge1\Rightarrow1+zx\le1+xyz\\x\ge1\Rightarrow1+yz\le1+xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{1+zx}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+xyz}+\dfrac{1}{1+xyz}+\dfrac{1}{1+xyz}=\dfrac{3}{1+xyz}\) (2)
TỪ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(1+xy\right)-\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1+xy\right)-\left(1+y^2\right)}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(xy-x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)+\left(xy-y^2\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+xy^3-x^2-x^2y^2+xy+x^3y-y^2-x^2y^2}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2xy+xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2x^2y^2-x^2-y^2}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(xy-1\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
=> Đẳng thức ban đầu được chứng minh.
P/s: Cái đoạn sau bạn bổ sung thêm vào là vì x và y lớn hơn bằng 1 nên xy-1 sẽ lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 nhé, mình lười quá ngại chèn:vv.
Còn câu b bạn đợi mình nháp xíu.
\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\)
⇔ \(\left(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\right)\ge0\)
⇔ \(\left(\dfrac{1+xy-\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1+xy-\left(1+y^2\right)}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\right)\ge0\)
⇔ \(\left(\dfrac{1+xy-1-x^2}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1+xy-1-y^2}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\right)\ge0\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{-x\left(x-y\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{-y\left(y-x\right)}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{-x\left(x-y\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{y\left(x-y\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
=> -x(x-y)(1+y2)+y(x-y)(1+x2) ≥ 0
⇔ (x-y)[-x(1+y2)+y(1+x2)]≥0
⇔ (x-y)(-x-xy2+y+x2y) ≥0
⇔ (x-y)[-(x-y)+(x2y-y2x)] ≥ 0
⇔ (x-y)[-(x-y)+xy(x-y) ]≥ 0
⇔ (x-y)(x-y)(xy-1)≥ 0
⇔ (x-y)2 (xy-1) ≥0 (luôn đúng ∀ xy ≥ 1)
=> đpcm
bạn pải giả sử trước chứ nếu ntn thì người chấm hỏi ai cho lôi phần chứng minh ra làm phần mục đề
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1+xy-1-x^2}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{1+xy-1-y^2}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(y-x\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{y\left(x-y\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(y-x\right)\left(1+y^2\right)+y\left(x-y\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(xy-1\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\forall x,y>1\)
1.Ta có :\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2\) (do x+y=1)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2.
a) Sửa đề: \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(b^3-ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(a,b\ge0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
b) Lần trước mk giải rồi nhá
3.
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel\(P=\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{z+1}\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b) \(Q=\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+1}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2.1}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2.1}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2.1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{2x}+\dfrac{y}{2y}+\dfrac{z}{2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Sai đề kìa.
Bạn tham khảo: Câu hỏi của Ngoc An Pham - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
Chứng minh bằng phép biến đổi tương đương:
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow4+x+y\ge4\sqrt{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y-4\sqrt{x+y}+4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y}-2\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
2.
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+yz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)\left(x^2+yz\right)\ge4xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+y^2z+z^2y-4xyz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x^2+z^2-2xz\right)+z\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)
\(M=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(z-3\right)}}{\sqrt{3}}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\) (ĐPCM)
b) \(x,y\ge1\Rightarrow xy\ge1\)
BĐT đã cho tương đương với:
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy-x^2}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{xy-y^2}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow+\dfrac{x\left(y-x\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{y\left(x-y\right)}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y-x\right)^2\left(xy-1\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)
BĐT cuối luôn đúng nên ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x=y hoặc xy=1