Cho a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=1
Tìm GTNN của P= \(\dfrac{1}{2+4a}+\dfrac{1}{3+9b}+\dfrac{1}{6+3c}\)
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\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
Chắc là bạn ghi nhầm mẫu số cuối cùng
\(\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}=1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(1+b\right)}{1+4a^2}\ge1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(1+b\right)}{4a}=1+b-a\left(1+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}\ge1+c-b\left(1+c\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1+a}{1+4c^2}\ge1+a-c\left(1+a\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P\ge3+a+b+c-\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(P\ge3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{1+9b^2}=a-\dfrac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{9ab^2}{6b}=a-\dfrac{3}{2}ab\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(T\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Đặt \(\left(a;2b;3c\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}+\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{1+y^2}\ge x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{2y}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y}{2}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}\ge y+1-\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)z}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\ge z+1-\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)x}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}+3-\dfrac{9}{6}=3\)
\(Q_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow3.P\ge9\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Câu 2:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{6}=\dfrac{b+c}{7}=\dfrac{c+a}{8}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{6+7+8}=\dfrac{28}{21}=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot6=8\\b+c=\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot7=\dfrac{28}{3}\\c+a=\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot8=\dfrac{32}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=14-\dfrac{28}{3}=\dfrac{14}{3}\\b=14-\dfrac{32}{3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\\c=14-8=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy chọn C