giải hệ pt
x + y - căn xy = 7
{
x^2 + y^2 + xy = 133
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+xy=-1\left(1\right)\\x^2+y^2-xy=7\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+x+y=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy+x+y=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y-6}{2}\)
Thay vào (1):\(2x+2y+\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y-6=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x+y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy=-2\\xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x,y là nghiệm của pt:\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}X^2-X-2=0\\X^2+4X+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đến đây tự tìm x,y.
a, Cộng vế theo vế hai phương trình ta được:
\(x^2+y^2+2xy+x+y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x+y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(x+y=1\)
\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow xy+1=-1\Leftrightarrow xy=-2\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\xy=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\xy=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(x+y=-2\)
\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow xy-2=-1\Leftrightarrow xy=1\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-y^3=7\left(x-y\right)\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy-7\right)=0\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+y^2+xy=7\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2-x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+xy=7\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=7\\\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy-x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(x+y=u;xy=v\)
Hệ trở thành: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^2-v=7\\u^2-2v-u=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=u^2-7\\u^2-2\left(u^2-7\right)-u=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=u^2-7\\u^2+u-12=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=u^2-7\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=3\\u=-4\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=9\\u=-4\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=2\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=9\\u=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=9\\x+y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\left(vn\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2+xy=3\left(x-y\right)\\\left(x-y\right)^2+3xy=7\left(x-y\right)^3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\left(x-y\right)^2+3xy=9\left(x-y\right)\\\left(x-y\right)^2+3xy=7\left(x-y\right)^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow7\left(x-y\right)^3-9\left(x-y\right)=-2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\left(x-y\right)^3+2\left(x-y\right)^2-9\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(7\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)-9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\x-y=1\\x-y=\dfrac{-9}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x\\y=x-1\\y=x+\dfrac{9}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(y=x\) thay vaò pt đầu:
\(x^2-x^2+x^2=3\left(x-x\right)\Rightarrow x^2=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(y=x-1\) thay vào pt đầu:
\(x^2-x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2=3\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\Rightarrow y=1\\x=-1\Rightarrow y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH3: \(y=x+\dfrac{9}{7}\):
\(x^2-x\left(x+\dfrac{9}{7}\right)+\left(x+\dfrac{9}{7}\right)^2=\dfrac{-27}{7}\Leftrightarrow x^2+\dfrac{9}{7}x+\dfrac{270}{49}=0\) (vô nghiệm)
Vậy hệ đã cho có 3 cặp nghiệm:
\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;0\right);\left(2;1\right);\left(-1;-2\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(x^2+2xy+y^2+x+y=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)-6=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-3\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-3\\xy=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Viet đảo, x và y là nghiệm của:
\(t^2+3t+5=0\) (vô nghiệm)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2\\xy=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Viet đảo, x và y là nghiệm:
\(t^2-2t=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;0\right);\left(0;2\right)\)
điều kiện xy \(\ge\) 0
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y-\sqrt{xy}=7\\x^2+y^2+xy=133\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)-\sqrt{xy}=7\\\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=133\end{matrix}\right.\)
đặc x + y = a ; xy = b
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-\sqrt{b}=7\\a^2-b=133\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=7+\sqrt{b}\\\left(7+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-b=133\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=7+\sqrt{b}\\49+14\sqrt{b}+b-b=133\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=7+\sqrt{b}\\14\sqrt{b}=84\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=7+\sqrt{b}\\\sqrt{b}=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=13\\b=36\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) x + y = 13 ; xy = 36
\(\Rightarrow\) x ; y là nghiệm của phương trình : x2 - 13x + 36 = 0
bấm máy ta có : x = 4 ; x = 9
vậy x = 4 ; y = 9 hoặc x = 9 ; y = 4
xy = 36 (tmđk)