Cho tổng A =1/2x2 1/3x3 1/4x4 ... 1/2021x2021. Chứng tỏ A <3/4
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A= \(\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{100.100}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}=1-\frac{1}{100}=\frac{99}{100}\)
=> A= \(\frac{99}{100}>\frac{25}{26}\)
Ta có : A = \(\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{9.9}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{8.9}\)
= \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{9}=1-\frac{1}{9}=\frac{8}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{8}{9}\)(1)
Lại có : \(A=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{9.9}>\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{9.10}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{2}{5}\)(2)
Từ (1);(2) => \(\frac{8}{9}>A>\frac{2}{5}\)
Ta thấy:
1/2*2<1/1*2)vì 2*2>1*2).
1/3*3<1/2*3(vì 3*3>2*3).
...
1/8*8<1/7*8(vì 8*8>7*8).
=>1/2*2+1/3*3+1/4*4+...+1/8*8<1/1*2+1/2*3+1/3*4+...+1/7*8.
=>B<1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+1/4-1/5+1/5-1/6+1/6-1/7+1/7-1/8.
=>B<1-1/8.
=>B<7/8.
Mà 7/8<1.
=>B<1.
Vậy B<1(đpcm).
Chứng minh:
C=\(\dfrac{1}{2x2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3x3}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{4x4}\)+.....+\(\dfrac{1}{100x100}\)<1
\(C=\dfrac{1}{2\times2}+\dfrac{1}{3\times3}+\dfrac{1}{4\times4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\times100}\\ C< \dfrac{1}{1\times2}+\dfrac{1}{2\times3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99\times100}\\ C< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\\ C< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{99}{100}< 1\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+\dfrac{1}{4.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009.2009}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{2009.2009}< \dfrac{1}{2008.2009}=\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+\dfrac{1}{4.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009.2009}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}=1-\dfrac{1}{2009}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+\dfrac{1}{4.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009.2009}< 1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\times2}+\dfrac{1}{3\times3}+\dfrac{1}{4\times4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009\times2009}< \dfrac{1}{1\times2}+\dfrac{1}{2\times3}+\dfrac{1}{3\times4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2008\times2009}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}=1-\dfrac{1}{2009}< 1\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{2021.2021}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2021^2}\)
Xét : \(\frac{1}{k^2}\left(k\inℕ^∗\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{4k^2}< \frac{4}{4k^2-1}=\frac{4}{\left(2k-1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}==2\left(\frac{1}{2k-1}-\frac{1}{2k+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng cho biểu thức A,ta có :
\(A< 2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{4041}-\frac{1}{4023}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4023}\right)=\frac{2}{3}-\frac{2}{4023}< \frac{2}{3}< \frac{3}{4}\)
Yuriko
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