cho a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh của tam giác ABC và a+b+c=3.
Tìm GTNN của biểu thức Q= \(3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\)
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Dễ thấy \(0< a,b,c< \frac{3}{2}\)
Thật vậy nếu g/s ngược lại tồn tại 1 số >= 3/2 và g/s đó là a
\(\Rightarrow a\ge b+c\) mâu thuẫn với BĐT tam giác nên ta có điều như trên
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{2}-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\left(\frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{2}a-\frac{3}{2}b+ab\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{9}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{27}{4}+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\le\frac{7}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4abc\le14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4abc\ge6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)^2-14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge13\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
\(VT=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}\)
Ta tách VT=A+B và xét
\(A=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}=\text{∑}\left(3a-\frac{3ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\text{∑}\left(3a-\frac{3ab}{2}\right)\)
\(B=\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}=\text{∑}\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\text{∑}\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=A+B=3+\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\text{∑}ab=\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{15}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=6\)
(Do \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=3\))
Dấu = khi a=b=c=1
Ta có: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right).\frac{1}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{2b}\right)=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(=3a+1-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3ab}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}=3b+1-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{3bc}{2}\)(2); \(\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}=3c+1-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{3ca}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(\ge\frac{5.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}{2}-\frac{3.3}{2}+3=\frac{15}{2}-\frac{9}{2}+3=6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Do a;b;c là 3 cạnh của tam giác nên:
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge27-8abc-18\left(a+b+c\right)+12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\frac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{16}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^2-12=13\)
\(VT=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}\)
Ta tách VT = A + b và xét :
\(A=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}=\Sigma\left(3a-\frac{3ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\left(3a-\frac{3ab}{2}\right)\)\(B=\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}=\Sigma\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=A+B=3+\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\Sigma ab=\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{15}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=6\)( Do \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3}\))
Dấu = khi a = b = c = 1 .
Áp dụng BĐT cosi, ta có
\(\sqrt{3a+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(3a+1\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{4+3a+1}{2}=\dfrac{3a+5}{4}\)
CMTT, ta có \(\sqrt{3b+1}\le\dfrac{3b+5}{4};\sqrt{3c+1}\le\dfrac{3c+5}{4}\)
Từ đó suy ra \(K\le\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)+15}{4}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Vậy...
ta có BĐT \(\sqrt{3a+1}\ge\dfrac{a\left(\sqrt{10}-1\right)}{3}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(3-a\right)\ge0đúng\forall a\)
CMRTT, ta có
\(\sqrt{3b+1}\ge\dfrac{b\left(\sqrt{10}-1\right)}{3}+1\)
\(\sqrt{3c+1}\ge\dfrac{c\left(\sqrt{10}-1\right)}{3}+1\)
Do đó \(K\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\sqrt{10}-1\right)}{3}+3=\sqrt{10}+2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=3, b=c=0
Vậy...
Ta có:
A = \(\frac{a}{2b+3c}+\frac{b}{2c+3a}+\frac{c}{3b+2a}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+3ac}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+3ab}+\frac{c^2}{3bc+2ac}\)
A \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+3ac+2bc+3ab+3bc+2ac}\)(bđt svacxo \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3^2}{y_3}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2}{y_1+y_2+y_3}\))
A \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\) (bđt \(xy+yz+xz\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)(*)
CM bđt * <=> \(3xy+3yz+3xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2xz+2xy+2yz\)
<=> \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
<=> A \(\ge\frac{3}{5}\) --> ĐPCM
Đặt \(a=x+y;b=y+z;c=z+x\)
Thì bài toán trở thành \(\frac{x+y}{2\left(2x+y\right)}+\frac{y+z}{2\left(2y+z\right)}+\frac{z+x}{2\left(2z+x\right)}\ge1\)
\(< =>3-\frac{x}{2\left(2x+y\right)}-\frac{y}{2\left(2y+z\right)}-\frac{z}{2\left(2z+x\right)}\ge1\)
\(< =>\frac{x}{2x+y}+\frac{y}{2y+z}+\frac{z}{2z+x}\le1\)
\(< =>\frac{2x}{2x+y}+\frac{2y}{2y+z}+\frac{2z}{2z+x}\le2\)
\(< =>3-\frac{y}{2x+y}-\frac{z}{2y+z}-\frac{x}{2z+x}\le2\)
\(< =>\frac{y}{2x+y}+\frac{z}{2y+z}+\frac{x}{2z+x}\ge1\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức AM-GM dạng cộng mẫu thức ta có :
\(\frac{y}{2x+y}+\frac{z}{2y+z}+\frac{x}{2z+x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z\)hay \(a=b=c\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh xong
Ta dễ dàng chứng minh:
\(0< a,b,c\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BDT cô si cho ba số dương ta có:
\(\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}-a)(\frac{3}{2}-b)(\frac{3}{2}-c)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\ge\frac{3}{2}-a)(\frac{3}{2}-b)(\frac{3}{2}-c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{9}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge-\frac{27}{8}+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4abc\ge-14+6\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge13\)