Cho 1/a + 1/b + 1/c = 1/(a+b+c). Chứng minh 1/a^n + 1/b^n + 1/c^n = 1(a^n+b^n+c^n).
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Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
Suy ra:
Trong 3 số a,b,c có 2 số đối nhau. Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử a=-b
Thay vào ta dễ thấy:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\left(=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\right)\) (ĐPCM)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+3abc-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0
=> a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a
=> Sẽ phải luôn tồn tại 2 trong 3 số a,b,c đối nhau
Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b
=> \(\frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=-\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{c^n}\) (vì n lẻ)
Và \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)^n}=\frac{1}{\left(-b+b+c\right)^n}=\frac{1}{c^n}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)^n}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a+b)[c(a+b+c)+ab]}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)
Xét : \(A=\frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}-\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
\(A=\frac{a^n+b^n}{a^nb^n}+\frac{a^n+b^n}{c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)
\(A=(a^n+b^n)\left(\frac{1}{a^nb^n}+\frac{1}{c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{(a^n+b^n)[c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)+a^nb^n]}{a^nb^nc^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)
\(A=\frac{(a^n+b^n)(b^n+c^n)(c^n+a^n)}{a^nb^nc^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)
Vì $n$ lẻ nên :
\((a^n+b^n)(b^n+c^n)(c^n+a^n)=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)(a^{n-1}+....+b^{n-1})(b^{n-1}+..+c^{n-1})(c^{n-1}+...+a^{n-1})\)
\(=0\) do \((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)
Do đó: \(A=0\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+abc+ac^2+abc+ac^2+abc+b^2c+bc^2=abc\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b+ab^2\right)+\left(a^2c+abc\right)+\left(b^2c+abc\right)+\left(ac^2+bc^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+ac\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\b+c=0\\c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:a=-b
\(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n}-\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\)(vì n lẻ)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n-a^n+c^n}=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\)(vì n lẻ)
Suy ra \(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
Chứng minh tương tự trong các trường hợp b=-c và c=-a
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{a+b}{-\left(a+b+c\right).c}\)
TH1:a+b=0
=> a=-b
\(\frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{c^n}\)(vì n lẻ nên (-b)n âm)
\(\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^n+b^n+c^n}=\frac{1}{c^n}\)
TH2: ab=-(a+b+c)
=> ab=-ac-bc-c2 => ab+ac=-bc-c2=> a.(b+c)=-b.(b+c)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=-b\\b=-c\end{cases}}\)c/m tương tự trường hợp 1 :))
=> (ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c) = abc
=> (ab+bc+ca)(a+b)+(abc+bcc+cca-abc) = 0
=> (ab+bc+ca)(a+b)+c^2(a+b) = 0
=> (a+b)(a+c)(b+c) = 0
=> trong a,b,c có 2 số đối nhau
giả sử a,b đối nhau khi đó vì n lẽ nên
1/a^n + 1/b^n + 1/c^n = 1/c^n = 1/(a^n + b^n + c^n)
cho tam giac ABC can tai A trung tuyen AM goi D la diem doi xung cua A qua M va K la trung diem cua MC E la diem doi xung cua Dqua K
a) chung minh tu giac ABCD la hinh thoi
b)chung minh tu giac AMCE la hinh chu nhat
c)AM va BE cat nhau tai I chung minh I la trung diem cua BE
d)chung minh AK,CI,EM dong quy