Cho a + b + c =\(a^2\)\(+\text{b}^2\)+\(\text{c}^2\)=1;\(\frac{a}{x}\)=\(\frac{\text{ b }}{y}\)=\(\frac{\text{c}}{z}\)Chưng minh xy + yz + xz = 0
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\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(a+b+c=\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2019\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=2019\) ( vì \(ab+bc+ca=0\))
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\\ A=a^2+b^2+c^2\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\left(\sqrt{2019}\right)^2-2\cdot0=2019\)
Theo bất đẳng thức tam giác
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a< b+c\\b< c+a\\c< a+b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}b+c-a>0\\c+a-b>0\\a+b-c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo từng vế
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) ( đpcm )
\(B=\Sigma\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2-c^2}\)
\(B=\frac{ab}{a^2+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{b^2+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ac}{c^2+\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{ab}{a^2-a\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{bc}{b^2-b\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{ac}{c^2-c\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{ab}{a\left(a-b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{b\left(b-c+a\right)}+\frac{ac}{c\left(c-a+b\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{b}{a+b+c-2b}+\frac{c}{a+b+c-2c}+\frac{a}{a+b+c-2a}\)
\(B=\frac{-b}{2b}+\frac{-c}{2c}+\frac{-a}{2a}\)
\(B=\frac{-1}{2}+\frac{-1}{2}+\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(B=\frac{-3}{2}\)
+) \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
+) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|a\right|\text{≤}1\\\left|b\right|\text{≤}1\\\left|c\right|\text{≤}1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=a^3+b^3+c^3=1\)
⇒ \(a^2\left(1-a\right)+b^2\left(1-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)=0\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\text{≥}0\\1-b\text{≥}0\\1-c\text{≥}0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(a^2\left(1-a\right)+b^2\left(1-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)\text{≥}0\)
Dấu "=" ⇔ 1 số bằng 1 và 2 số còn lại bằng 0
⇒ \(S=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{bc+ac+bc}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)+3abc=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)+2abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=-b\) hay \(b=-c\) hay \(c=-a\)
-Vậy trong ba số a,b,c tồn tại 2 số đối nhau.
Ta có a+b+c=0
<=> a+b=-c <=>a2+b2-c2=-2ab
b+c=-a <=> b2+c2-a2=-2bc
c+a=-b <=> c2+a2-b2=-2ca
Thay vào biểu thức ta có
\(B=\frac{ab}{-2ab}-\frac{bc}{2bc}-\frac{ca}{2ca}=\frac{-3}{2}\)
ĐK: x;y;z\(\ne0\)
a + b + c = => (a + b + c)2 = 1
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 1
Theo đề bài lại có: a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
Do đó 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0
<=> ab + bc + ca = 0
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{x^2}=\frac{ab}{xy}=\frac{bc}{yz}=\frac{ac}{xz}\) (*)
+ Nếu xy + yz + xz = 0, ta có đpcm
+ Nếu \(xy+yz+xz\ne0\)
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{x^2}=\frac{ab}{xy}=\frac{bc}{yz}=\frac{ca}{xz}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{xy+yz+xz}=0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=0\)
=> a + b + c = 0, mâu thuẫn với đề
Vậy ta có đcpm