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a/
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{4.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-2\right)n}+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=lim\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(u_n=\dfrac{1}{1^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2^2+6}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2+3n}=\dfrac{1}{1.4}+\dfrac{1}{2.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+3}\right)\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n+2}-\dfrac{1}{n+3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=lim\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n+2}-\dfrac{1}{n+3}\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{11}{18}\)
a) Bị chặn trên vì \(u_n\le1,\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)
b) Bị chặn dưới vì \(u_n\ge2,\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)
c) Bị chặn dưới vì \(u_n\ge\sqrt{3},\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)
d) Bị chặn vì \(0< u_n\le\dfrac{1}{2},\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)
+) \(U_n=\sqrt{n^2+2}-n=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n^2+2}+n}\)
\(U_{n+1}=\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2+2}-\left(n+1\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2+2}+n+1}\)
Vì \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{n^2+2}+n}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2+2}+n+1}\)với mọi số tự nhiên n
=> \(U_n>U_{n+1}\)với mọi số tự nhiên n
=> \(U_n\) là dãy giảm.
+) Ta có: \(\sqrt{n^2+2}-n\le\sqrt{\left(n+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-n=\sqrt{2}\)với mọi số tự nhiên n
=> \(U_n\) là dãy bị chặn
Ý bạn là dãy số này: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_{n+1}=u_n+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_{n+1}+2.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n+1}=u_n+2.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(v_n=u_n+2.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=2\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=v_n=v_{n-1}=...=v_1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=v_1=1\Rightarrow u_n+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n=1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=1-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=lim\left[1-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n\right]=1-0=1\)
a: \(2n^2-3>=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{2n^2-3}< =-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
=>Dãy số bị chặn trên ở -1/3
b: \(2n^2-1>=-1\)
=>\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2n^2-1}< =\dfrac{1}{-1}=-1\)
=>Dãy số bị chặn trên ở -1