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1.I'll tell
2.write
3.What will you do
4.came
5 .I were you.
6. comes
7.will write
8.saw
9.doesn't smoke
10. wil climb
In my city – Ha Noi – has a problem very important. It is air pollution. Air pollution includes contaminants found in the atmosphere. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. There are so much industrial factories in city, there are many vehicles in streets, them released smoke into the atmosphere. And more, forest has being destroy, the atmosphere more and more polluted. The effects of air pollution are diverse and numerous. Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of human beings, and also severely affects natural ecosystems.
– contaminant /kзn’tæminзnt/: chất gây ô nhiễm
– substance /’sΔbstзns/: chất
– particle /’pα:tikl/: hạt
– diverse /dai’vз:s/: nhiều loại, đa dạng
– numerous /’nju:mзrзs/: nhiều
– consequence /’konsikwзns/: hậu quả, tác hại
– ecosystem :hệ sinh thái
Humans are today exposed to air pollution of all kinds, and affected by the harmful effects of the pollutants in the air they breathe. There are many causes of air pollution. One of the causes is vehicular traffic. Smoke generated by factories is also let out into the air. The burning of fossil fuels like coal also leads to harmful smoke.
The high levels of air pollution cause respiratory and cardiac problems, and affect other parts of the human body. It also causes other diseases like cancer. Millions of people around the world die each year due to air pollution.
PARAGRAPH ON AIR POLLUTION 2
All terrestrial life forms need air to breathe. We breathe in oxygen from the air and breathe out carbon dioxide. Air pollution is the phenomenon of harmful compounds in the form of gases and fine particles being let into the air thus polluting it.
Humans suffer from various respiratory and cardiac conditions due to air pollution. Air pollution also causes various diseases, including cancer, affecting other organs of the body.
Vehicular traffic is one of the causes of air pollution. The combustion of the automobile fuel, whether it is diesel or petrol, that powers a vehicle, leads to the release of poisonous gases released through the exhaust of the vehicle. In factories too when production processes are carried out, smoke is generated that is then released into the air leading to pollution. Smoke is also caused due to the burning of fuels like coal. Construction activity also causes air pollution.
PARAGRAPH ON AIR POLLUTION 3
Humans are today exposed to air pollution of all kinds. They are thus affected by the harmful effects of pollutants in the air they breathe. There are many causes of air pollution. One of the major causes of air pollution is vehicular traffic. Cars, buses, trucks, motorbikes, scooters and rickshaws are run on fuel. Automobile fuel combustion leads to the exhaust of poisonous compounds that include noxious gases as also particulate matter. The harmful gases that are part of exhaust fumes include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide.
Factories also contribute to air pollution. The poisonous smoke and fumes generated by factories are released into the air thus polluting the air.
Similarly, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, as also the burning of wood for cooking, and of farm wastes lead to harmful smoke polluting the air. The burning of garbage also creates harmful smoke.
Pollution of the air affects the air that humans and all other life forms breathe. People around the world are suffering from respiratory and cardiac problems, and diseases such as cancer affecting other organs of the body too. Millions of people die each year around the world due to air pollution.
PARAGRAPH ON AIR POLLUTION 4Air pollution refers to the phenomenon of harmful compounds in the form of gases and fine particles being released into the air thus polluting it. If the air is polluted we cannot breathe fresh and clean air. This affects the lives of humans and all other life forms adversely. Humans suffer from various respiratory and cardiac conditions due to air pollution. Air pollution also causes diseases affecting other organs of the body. It also causes cancer. Millions of people around the world die to air pollution-related diseases each year.
Air pollution is caused by a number of factors. Vehicular traffic is one of the causes of air pollution. When vehicles ply on the roads, the combustion of the automobile fuel, whether it is diesel or petrol, leads to the creation of poisonous gases that are released through the exhausts of the vehicles. These gases, in the form of smoke and fumes, pollute the air severely. Various alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas as automobile fuel are being used now-a-days. Battery operated vehicles are also being run.
Factories also contribute to air pollution in a big way. When various production processes are carried out in factories, they release smoke and fumes. These are then released into the air. We see black smoke emanating from chimneys or exhaust towers of factories.
Smoke is also caused due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal. The burning of farm wastes and other garbage, as also construction activity also lead to air pollution.
PARAGRAPH ON AIR POLLUTION 5
Humans are today exposed to air pollution of all kinds. They are thus affected by the harmful effects of pollutants in the air they breathe. There are many causes of air pollution.
Vehicular exhausts cause air pollution
One of the major causes of air pollution is vehicular traffic. Vehicles of all kinds have multiplied across the country. Today traffic congestion on roads is very common. During peak and rush hours the traffic snarls are difficult to cope with for motorists and pedestrians. Commuting has therefore become difficult. Vehicles whether they are cars, buses, trucks, motorbikes, scooters or rickshaws are run on fuel. There is a process of fuel combustion that leads to the exhaust of poisonous compounds. It includes noxious gases and particulate matter. The harmful gases include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide.
There are many causes of air pollution
Factories also contribute to air pollution. The smoke generated by factories is let out into the air thus polluting the air that we breathe. Similarly, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, as also the burning of wood for cooking, and of farm wastes lead to harmful smoke. Production of electricity is also mostly through the process of burning non-renewable fossil fuels that leave dangerous smoke in the air. The burning of garbage also creates harmful smoke. Construction activity also creates particulate matter that pollutes air.
Air pollution affects us adversely
Today we are witnessing high levels of air pollution that affect the health of man and other creatures. People around the world are suffering from respiratory and cardiac problems, and various other diseases affecting other organs of the body. Air pollution also causes cancer. Millions of people around the world die each year due to air pollution.
The gases that cause air pollution are also greenhouse gases, and have caused global warming and climate change that affect the Earth and its ecology.
❤♪☘✔✰
TOPIC 1
1. I often listen to music in my free time.
2. Yes, I do / No, I don't.
3. Yes, I do / No, I don't.
4. How do you feel when you learn English?
TOPIC 2
1. I like the air in the countryside and I dislike the food here.
2. Yes, they are/ No, they aren't.
3. It's so slow and peaceful.
4. It's very fresh and tasty.
TOPIC 3
1. It's Tet.
2. It's held on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month.
3. It's held all over of my country - Vietnam.
4. During Tet, I decorate my house, visit relatives, go to the pagoda, watch firework,...
TOPIC 4
1. Customs: We go to bed at 10 p.m, get up at 6 a.m, go out every weekend.
Traditions: We make banh chung, go to the pagoda, visit relatives at Tet.
2. Because it's so interesting.
We all know that natural disasters occur all over the world, and they can completely destroy human life as well as our living environment. One of the popular ones is floods, which take place everywhere in the world. A number of different natural causes leads to floods, and theirconsequences are extremely terrible. Recognizing these causes will be of assistance to help us cope with floods effectively.
Floods happen in case an unusually large amount of water accumulates in an area. This phenomenon results from several reasons, and certain things are able to happen when floods occur. The first reason is that thunderstorms take place in an area for a short time. In this case, the rivers and water streams pouring into the sea are flooded with their inability to drain water, causing floods. One of the other causes is the unusual activity of the tides, leading to the seawater to penetrate deeper into the mainland, which results in an increase in the flow of water on large rivers. It is possible to cause extreme tsunamis due to the enhanced effect of the earth’s crust, leading to high-intensity floods. Floods will also happen when man-built dams collapse. These dams receive water from the rivers and are capable of storing large amounts of water, which supports us to change the flow of water. However, sometimes, the amount of water might exceed the tolerance of the dams, as a result, they collapse. At that time, an enormous amount of water will be released, creating a fierce wall of water to pass through and destroy the lands it flows through. These are the main explanations of floods.
With its tremendous destructive power, floods leave serious consequences for people and nature and their consequences are what the power of flowing water destroys. In terms of human life, floods devastate houses, property, and even human lives. When the speed of the water rises at a high-flow rate, such houses designed with their low floors are unable to prevent water from being filled up. Of course, it is the fact that this phenomenon is not too dangerous for human lives; however, the mud and the rubbish as the consequences by the water are left into the house. When the rain stops, the water drains, but the mud and the rubbish still remain, from which the furniture breaks and becomes very difficult to clean. Besides, floods also wipe out nature itself. Floods sweep through the forests, causing the soil in the trees’ roots to erode. Since then, these trees have no land to keep roots and they fall, destroying numerous the world’s forests. Such large losses require quick and positive measures.
Thus, although the damages of floods are inevitable; nevertheless, we need to take appropriate warnings and corrective measures to minimize the degree of their damages. Natural disasters in general and floods, in particular, require governments and people to cooperate to minimize their impacts.
Dịch /Chúng ta đều biết rằng thảm họa thiên nhiên xảy ra khắp nơi trên thế giới, và chúng có thể tàn phá hoàn toàn cuộc sống của con người cũng như môi trường sống của chúng ta. Một trong những thảm hoạ phổ biến và có tác động nghiêm trọng nhất là lũ lụt, xảy ra ở khắp mọi nơi trên thế giới. Có rất nhiều nguyên nhân tự nhiên khác nhau dẫn đến lũ lụt, và hậu quả mà nó để lại cũng rất nặng nề. Nhận thức được những nguyên nhân này sẽ giúp chúng ta ứng phó với lũ lụt tốt hơn.
Lũ lụt xảy ra khi một lượng nước lớn bất thường tích tụ lại ở một khu vực. Có rất nhiều lý do gây nên hiện tượng này, và cũng có rất nhiều thứ có thể xảy ra khi xuất hiện lụt lội. Nguyên nhân đầu tiên đó là do những cơn giông bão xảy ra trong một khu vực trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn. Trong trường hợp này, những con sông và dòng chảy đổ ra biển bị tràn ngập, không kịp thoát nước đi, gây nên hiện tượng lũ lụt. Một trong những nguyên nhân khác của lũ lụt là hoạt động bất thường của thủy triều, khiến cho nước biển xâm nhập sâu hơn vào đất liền, tăng cường dòng nước trên các con sông lớn. Nó còn có thể gây ra những cơn sóng thần cực lớn do tác động tăng cường của vỏ trái đất, dẫn đến hiện tượng lũ lụt với cường độ cao. Lụt lội cũng sẽ xảy ra khi những con đập do con người xây dựng bị vỡ. Các con đập nhận nước từ con sông và có khả năng dự trữ được một lượng lớn nước, điều này giúp chúng ta có khả năng thay đổi lưu lượng dòng chảy. Tuy nhiên, đôi khi, lượng nước có thể vượt quá khả năng chịu đựng của con đập, và con đập sẽ bị vỡ. Khi đó, một lượng nước cực lớn sẽ được giải phóng, tạo nên một bức tường nước hung hãn lướt qua và Với sức tàn phá khủng khiếp của mình, lũ lụt gây ra nhiều hậu quả nghiêm trọng cho con người và thiên nhiên và hậu quả do nó gây bởi chính sức mạnh của dòng nước chảy. Về phương diện con người, lũ lụt tàn phá nhà cửa, tài sản và thậm chí là tính mạng con người. Khi lượng nước dâng cao với tốc độ chảy lớn, những căn nhà được thiết kế với sàn nhà thấp, sẽ không thể ngăn được nước tràn vào trong nhà. Tất nhiên, hiện tượng này không quá nguy hiểm cho tính mạng người dân, tuy nhiên, những tổn thất chính gây ra chính là bùn đất và rác rưởi theo nước vào nhà. Khi cơn mưa ngừng, nước rút hết, nhưng bùn đất vẫn ở lại, khiến đồ đạc hỏng hóc và rất khó khăn để thu dọn. Bên cạnh đó, lũ lụt cũng phá hủy chính thiên nhiên. Lũ lụt quét qua các rừng cây, là nguyên nhân khiến đất ở rễ cây bị xói mòn. Từ đó, cây cối không có đất để giữ rễ và khiến cây bị đổ, phá hủy rất nhiều hecta rừng trên thế giới. Những thiệt hại lớn như vậy đòi hỏi phải có biện pháp khắc phục tích cực và nhanh chóng.
Như vậy, lũ lụt, mặc dù thiệt hại của nó là không thể tránh khỏi, nhưng chúng ta sẽ có những biện pháp cảnh báo và khắc phục thích hợp để giảm thiểu mức độ thiệt hại mà nó gây ra. Thảm họa thiên nhiên nói chung và lũ lụt nói riêng đòi hỏi chính phủ và người dân cần hợp tác để giảm thiểu tối đa tác động của nó.