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Relationships in Vietnamese family are more complicated than those of Western countries. The majority of families in Vietnam are extended families as many generations co-live to take care of each other. Family in Vietnam looks similar to a system of mini society with the most elderly having the strongest voice and taking charge of most activities in house. Each family has its own rules and values that members are supposed to conform with. The younger generation shows respect for the older generation and vice versa, the old generation tolerates the young. In the relationships between parents and children, and between husband and wife as well, traditional Vietnamese retain much of their long established customs and values. Traditional Vietnamese meal - dining on the floor with the whole extended family Although influenced by Chinese culture and Confucianism, in the eyes of children, Vietnamese mothers still have the same status as their counterparts. They are the embodiments of love, of self-denial and of sacrifice. For Vietnamese parents, their children are their most valuable assets; therefore, within their financial capacity, most of them are eager to have as many children as they can.
1 Why are families in Vietnam extended families?
Because many generations co-live to take care of each other
2 What happens between generations inVietnamese families?
the most elderly having the strongest voice and taking charge of most activities in house
3 How was a woman demanded before?
They are the embodiments of love, of self-denial and of sacrifice
4 By what were Vietnamese woman affected?
Chinese culture and Confucianism
5 Why now can we say "Men make houses and women make home"?
1 Why are families in Vietnam extended families?
=> Because many generations co-live to take care of each other.
2 What happens between generations in Vietnamese families?
=> The younger generation shows respect for the older generation and vice versa, the old generation tolerates the young.
4 By what were Vietnamese woman affected?
=> Chinese culture and Confucianism.
Điền các từ sau đây vào chỗ trống thích hợp: marriage, share, a funeral house, brach, stilt house, ethnic minorities, ceremonies, musical-instruments
The largest (1)___ethnic minorities____ group on the central highlands is the Jarai, with a population of about 250,000. It is thought that Jarai people left the coastal plains around 2000 years ago, setting on the fertile plateau around Pleiku, and in Kon Tum province. Some ethnologists think that Cham people are in fact a (2)____branch____ of the Jarai, and they certainly (3)____share____ common linguistic traits.
Villagers are often named a nearby river, stream or tribal chief. In the centre of each can be found a large (4)____stilt house___, which acts as a kind of community centre where the council of elders and their elected chief meet. House are traditionally built on stilt, facing north. Jarai women typically propose(5)____marriage____ to men througha matchmaker, who delivers the prospective groom a cooper bracelet.
Perhaps more than any of Vietnam's other hill tribes, the Jarai are famous for their (6)___musical-instruments____ from stringed ''gongs'' to bamboo tubes, which act as wind flutes and percussion.
Animist beliefs are still strong and the Jarai world is spirits, the most famous of which are the kings of water, fire and wind, represented by shamans who are involved in rain-making (8)____ceremonies___ and other rituals . Funeral rites are particularly complexand expensive: afterthe burial,(9)___a funeral house___is built over the grave and evocative sculptures of people, birds and oblects from everyday life are placed inside.
1. Vietnam has 54 ethnic groups
-....How many ethnic groups are there in Vietnam.......................................?
2. Kinh people account for 87% of the country 's population
-.........How many percent of the people are Kinh people....................................?
3. The other minority groups mainly inhabit in mountain areas
-.............Where are the river ethnic minorities...............................?
4. Among ethnic minorities the most populated groups are Tay, Thai, Mung, Hoa, Khmer, Mung,...
-.......Among the ethnic minorities, which groups are the largest?......................................?
5. The Vietnamese government has issued specific policies and special treatments in order to enhance the living standards of mountainous people
-...............What specific policies and measures has the Government of Vietnam issued to do for the mountainous people..............................?
6. People should make great effort to preserve traditional cultural identities of each ethnic minority group
- What do people need to do to preserve the traditional cultural identity of each ethnic group ?
Các nhà khoa học từ lâu đã phải vật lộn với cách đo lường tác động của biến đổi khí hậu đối với động vật hoang dã. Điều này đặc biệt đúng đối với các loài chim bay vào và ra khỏi các khu vực ven biển giáp với Bắc Băng Dương. Trong quá khứ, các nhà nghiên cứu phụ thuộc chủ yếu vào thông tin thu thập bởi vệ tinh để theo dõi sự di chuyển của chim và động vật. Nhưng phương pháp này có thể tốn kém và dẫn đến lượng thông tin khổng lồ, có thể khó xử lý. Bây giờ các nhà khoa học đang chuyển sang một loại công nghệ khác để giúp họ theo dõi chim và động vật hoang dã khác. Songbirds đặc biệt khó học trong tự nhiên. Họ có thể bay qua hàng ngàn cây số và cơ thể của họ quá nhỏ cho các thiết bị theo dõi điện tử. Một báo cáo mới cho biết về một dự án trong đó các nhà nghiên cứu ghi nhận loài chim biết hót và sau đó đưa âm thanh vào một chương trình máy tính để nghiên cứu. Các nhà nghiên cứu đã tạo ra các thuật toán học máy với khả năng tập trung vào các cuộc gọi chim trong khi bỏ qua các tiếng ồn khác. Thuật toán giúp cải thiện khả năng dự đoán kết quả chính xác. Các phương pháp học máy tương tự đã được sử dụng để nhận ra lời nói của con người.
While the ethnic-Vietnamese and Chinese live mainly in urban centres and coastal areas, the remaining people, an estimated 10% of Vietnam’s total population, are found primarily in the high country.
Undoubtedly the most colourful of the hill tribes reside in the north-west, in the plush mountain territory along the Lao and Chinese borders, while many of the tribes in the Central Highlands and the south can be difficult to distinguish, at least by dress alone, from ordinary Vietnamese.
The French called them Montagnards (meaning ‘Highlanders’ or ‘mountain people’) and still use this term when speaking in French or English. The Vietnamese generally refer to them as moi, a derogatory term meaning ‘savages’, which unfortunately reflects all-too-common popular attitudes. The present government, however, prefers to use the term ‘national minorities’. Some have lived in Vietnam for thousands of years, while others migrated into the region during the past few centuries.
The areas inhabited by each group are often delimited by altitude, with later arrivals settling at higher elevations.
Most of the individual ethnic groups share basic, similar traits in their daily lives and are often most easily identified by differences in language, physical features, and traditional dress. They have a rural, agricultural lifestyle and show similarities in village architecture and traditional rituals, and have a long history of inter-tribal warfare. Many of the tribes are semi-nomadic, cultivating crops such as ‘dry’ rice using slash-and-burn methods, which have taken a heavy toll on the environment.
29. The most colourful of the hill tribes reside in the Northwest and Northeast.
A. True
B. False
30. Most of the individual ethnic groups share traditional dress.
A. True
B False
31. Most of the individual ethnic groups show similarities in village architecture and traditional rituals.
A. True
B. False
32. Cultivating crops such as "dry" rice using slash-and-burn methods takes no toll on the environment.
A. True
B. False
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