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2) \(\hept{\begin{cases}^{x^2-xy=y^2-yz}\left(1\right)\\^{y^2-yz=z^2-zx}\left(2\right)\\^{z^2-zx=x^2-xy}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
lấy (2) - (1) suy ra\(2yz=2y^2+xy+xz-x^2-z^2\)
lấy (3) - (1) suy ra \(2xy=zx+yz-z^2+2x^2-y^2\)
lấy (3) - (2) suy ra \(2zx=xy+yz+2z^2-x^2-y^2\)
cộng lại đc \(yz+xz+xy=0\) do đó \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=0\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{x+y},\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{y+z},\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{z+x}\)
Đề trở thành: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\), tính \(P=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) Tương đương \(ab+bc=-ac\)
\(P=\dfrac{b^3c^3+a^3c^3+a^3b^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc\right)\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{-ac\left(a^2b^2-ab^2c+b^2c^2\right)+a^3c^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2c^2-a^2b^2+ab^2c-b^2c^2}{ab^2c}=\dfrac{ac}{b^2}-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\)\(=ac\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{a}{c}+1-\dfrac{c}{a}\) (do \(\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{c}\) tương đương \(\dfrac{1}{b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\))
\(=3\)
Vậy P=3
Với a;b;c dương ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Lại có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)
Áp dụng:
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2.\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}.9.\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)