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2:
-8x^6-12x^4y-6x^2y^2-y^3
=-(8x^6+12x^4y+6x^2y^2+y^3)
=-(2x^2+y)^3
3:
=(1/3)^2-(2x-y)^2
=(1/3-2x+y)(1/3+2x-y)
\(\begin{array}{l}8{x^3} - 36{x^2}y + 54x{y^2} - 27{y^3}\\ = {\left( {2x} \right)^3} - 3.{\left( {2x} \right)^2}.3y + 3.\left( {2x} \right).{\left( {3y} \right)^2} - {\left( {3y} \right)^3}\\ = {\left( {2x - 3y} \right)^3}\end{array}\)
\(8{{\rm{x}}^3} - 36{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 54{\rm{x}}{y^2} - 27{y^3} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} - 3.\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right).3y + 3.2{\rm{x}}.{\left( {3y} \right)^2} - {\left( {3y} \right)^3} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)^3}\)
1a/ z2 - 6z + 5 - t2 - 4t = z2 - 2 . 3z + 32 - 4 - t2 - 4t = (z2 - 2 . 3z + 32) - (22 + 2 . 2t + t2) = (z - 3)2 - (2 + t)2
b/ x2 - 2xy + 2y2 + 2y2 + 1 = x2 - 2xy + y2 + y2 + 2y + 1 = (x2 - 2xy + y2) + (y2 + 2y + 1) = (x - y)2 + (y + 1)2
c/ 4x2 - 12x - y2 + 2y + 8 = (2x)2 - 12x - y2 + 2y + 32 - 1 = [ (2x)2 - 2 . 3 . 2x + 32 ] - (y2 - 2y + 1) = (2x - 3)2 - (y - 1)2
2a/ (x + y + 4)(x + y - 4) = x2 + xy - 4x + xy + y2 - 4y + 4x + 4y + 16 = x2 + (xy + xy) + (-4x + 4x) + (-4y + 4y) + y2 + 16
= x2 + 2xy + y2 + 42 = (x + y)2 + 42
b/ (x - y + 6)(x + y - 6) = x2 + xy - 6x - xy - y2 + 6y + 6x + 6y - 36 = x2 + (xy - xy) + (-6x + 6x) + (6y + 6y) - y2 - 36
= x2 - y2 + 12y - 62 = x2 - (y2 - 12y + 62) = x2 - (y2 - 2 . 6y + 62) = x2 - (y - 6)2
c/ (y + 2z - 3)(y - 2z - 3) = y2 -2yz - 3y + 2yz - 4z2 - 6z - 3y + 6z + 9 = y2 + (-2yz + 2yz) + (-3y - 3y) + (-6z + 6z) - 4z2 + 9
= y2 - 6y - 4z2 + 9 = (y2 - 6y + 9) - 4z2 = (y - 3)2 - (2z)2
d/ (x + 2y + 3z)(2y + 3z - x) = 2xy + 3xz - x2 + 4y2 + 6yz - 2xy + 6yz + 9z2 - 3xz = (2xy - 2xy) + (3xz - 3xz) - x2 + (6yz + 6yz) + 9z2 + 4y2
= -x2 + 4y2 + 12yz + 9z2 = (4y2 + 12yz + 9z2) - x2 = [ (2y)2 + 2 . 2 . 3yz + (3z)2 ] - x2 = (2y + 3z)2 - x2
a) \(\left( {x + 4} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 4x + 16} \right) = {x^3} + {4^3} = {x^3} + 64\)
b) \(\left( {4{x^2} + 2xy + {y^2}} \right)\left( {2x - y} \right) = {\left( {2x} \right)^3} - {y^3} = 8{x^3} - {y^3}\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\frac{x^3}{8}+\frac{3}{4}x^2y^2+\frac{3}{2}xy^4+y^6\)
\(=\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^3+3.\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^2.y^2+3.\frac{x}{2}.\left(y^2\right)^2+\left(y^2\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\frac{x}{2}+y^2\right)^3\)
1, \(x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
2, \(4x^2+12x+9=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot3\cdot2x+3^2=\left(2x+3\right)^2\)
3, \(x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{4}=x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot x+\left(\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2=\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\)
4, \(16x^2-8x+1=\left(4x\right)^2-2\cdot4x\cdot1+1^2=\left(4x-1\right)^2\)
5, \(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}=x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
1: =(x+y)^2
2: =(2x+3)^2
3: =(x+5/2)^2
4: =(4x-1)^2
5: =(x+1/2)^2
6: =(x-3/2)^2
7: =(x+1)^3
8: =(1/2x+1)^2
9: =(3y-1/3)^3
10: =(2x+y)^3
a, \(25x^2+5xy+\frac{1}{4}y^2=\left(5x\right)^2+2.5x.\frac{1}{2}y+\left(\frac{1}{2}y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(5x+\frac{1}{2}y\right)^2\)
b, \(9x^2+12x+4=\left(3x\right)^2+2.3x.2+2^2=\left(3x+2\right)^2\)
c, \(x^2-6x+5-y^2-4y=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x-y-5\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
d, \(\left(2x-y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)^2-4\left(2x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)^2-2\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+2y\right)+\left(2x+2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-y+2x+2y\right)^2=\left(4x+y\right)^2\)
Ta có : ( x - 2 y ) x 2 + 2 x y + 4 y 2 = ( x ) 3 - ( 2 y ) 3 = x 3 - 8 y 3 .