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Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
Vì đồng không tác dụng với HCl loãng :
1) Chất rắn không tan là đồng nên :
\(m_{Al}=11,8-6,4=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2|\)
2 6 2 3
0,2 0,3
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
2) Có : \(m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+6H_2SO_{4đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O|\)
2 6 1 3 6
0,2 0,3
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1 2
0,1 0,1
\(n_{SO2\left(tổng\right)}=0,3+0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Mg, Fe
Mg + S ⟶ MgS
Fe + S ⟶ FeS
MgS + 4H2SO4 → MgSO4 + 4H2O + 4SO2
2FeS + 10H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 9SO2 + 10H2O
S + 2H2SO4 → 3SO2 + 2H2O
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Mg:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{+S:0,5\left(mol\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MgS:x\left(mol\right)\\FeS:y\left(mol\right)\\S_{dư}:0,5-\left(x+y\right)\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{+H_2SO_4}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MgSO_4:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3:\dfrac{y}{2}\left(mol\right)\\SO_2\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{+NaOH\left(dư\right)}\left(kt\right)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Mg\left(OH\right)_2:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe\left(OH\right)_3:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{to}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MgO:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe_2O_3:\dfrac{y}{2}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :\(n_{SO_2}=4x+4,5y+\left[0,5-\left(x+y\right)\right].3=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(40x+160\dfrac{y}{2}=24\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m=4,8+11,2=16\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{16}.100=30\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=100-30=70\%\)
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Cu}\approx100\%-46,67\%=53,33\%\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
H2S:xmol;H2:ymol
ppe:x+y=0.3
nhh=x+y=0.3=>V=6.72l
34x+2y=18*(x+y)
x=0.15;y=0.15
FeS-->H2S
0.15 0.15
Fe+S-->FeS(1)
0.3 0.2 0.2
(1)=>nFeS lt=0.2
H=nFeS tt/nFeS lt *100=75%
H2S:xmol;H2:ymol
ppe:x+y=0.3
nhh=x+y=0.3=>V=6.72l
34x+2y=18*(x+y)
x=0.15;y=0.15
FeS-->H2S
0.15 0.15
Fe+S-->FeS(1)
0.3 0.2 0.2
(1)=>nFeS lt=0.2
H=nFeS tt/nFeS lt *100=75%