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\(S=\frac{2^{2013}}{2^{2013}+1}+\frac{2^{2012}}{2^{2012}+1}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}+1}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}+1}\)
=(\(\frac{2^{2013}}{2^{2013}+1}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}+1}\))+(\(\frac{2^{2012}}{2^{2012}+1}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}+1}\))+...+ \(\frac{1}{2}\) ( có 2013 dấu ngoặc )
= 1+ 1+.....+ \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 2013\(\frac{1}{2}\)
= \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}.\sqrt{2013}\left(\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2012}\right)}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}}+...+\frac{\left(\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2012}\right)\left(\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2012}\right)}{\sqrt{2012}\sqrt{2013}\left(\sqrt{2012}+\sqrt{2013}\right)}\)
= \(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2012}}{\sqrt{2012}\sqrt{2013}}\)
= \(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\)
= \(\frac{\sqrt{2013}-1}{\sqrt{2013}}=\frac{2013-\sqrt{2013}}{2013}\)
Tổng quát:\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}=\frac{a^2+a+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)\(=1+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+1}\)
Áp dụng vào lm thôi
Xét số hạng tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\) (do \(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}>0\forall n\in\mathbb{N}\text{ nên ta có thể nhân liên hợp}\))
Áp dụng vào và ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2013^2}-\sqrt{2013^2-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{2013^2}-1=2013-1=2012^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
NX \(\frac{1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}{1+\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}\) =\(\frac{\left(1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{n}+1\right)^2}\)
=\(\frac{\left(\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)^2-1^2\right)}{n+1-n-1-2\sqrt{n}}\) \(=\frac{n+1+n-2\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)n}-1}{-2\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2n-2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{-2\sqrt{n}}\)
=\(\frac{n-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{-\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n}{-\sqrt{n}}+\frac{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{\sqrt{n}}=-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\)
thay vao Q ta co
Q= \(-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}-...-\sqrt{2012}+\sqrt{2013}=-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2013}\)
Xét \(P=\sqrt{\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}\) với a>0
\(P^2=1+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a+1\right)^2+a^2}{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2\left(a^2+2a+1+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)^2}{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^4+2a^2\left(a+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)^2}{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+a+1\right)^2}{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\right)^2\)
Do a>o nên \(P=\frac{a^2+a+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+1}\)
Áp dụng kết quả của P ta có:
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\right)+....+\left(1+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)\) \(A=2012+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-.....+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
\(A=2012+1-\frac{1}{2013}\)
\(A=2013-\frac{1}{2013}=\frac{4052168}{2013}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{4052168}{2013}\)
Bài 1 :
Ta có :
\(\frac{x+2011}{2013}+\frac{x+2012}{2012}=\frac{x+2010}{2014}+\frac{x+2013}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x+2011}{2013}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x+2012}{2012}+1\right)=\left(\frac{x+2010}{2014}+1\right)\)
\(+\left(\frac{x+2013}{2011}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+4024}{2013}+\frac{x+4024}{2012}=\frac{x+4024}{2014}+\frac{x+4024}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+4024}{2013}+\frac{x+4024}{2012}-\frac{x+4024}{2014}-\frac{x+4024}{2011}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+4024\right)\left(\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2011}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+4024=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-4024\)
Bài 2 :
Đặt \(x^2+2x+1=a\Rightarrow a=\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\)
=> Phương trình trở thành
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{a+1}{a+2}=\frac{7}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+1}.6\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)+\frac{a+1}{a+2}.6\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)=\frac{7}{6}.6\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow6a\left(a+2\right)+6\left(a+1\right)^2=7\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow12a^2+24a+6=7a^2+21a+14\)
\(\Rightarrow5a^2+3a-8=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(5a+8\right)=0\)
Vì \(a\ge0\Rightarrow a=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+1=1\)
\(x^2+2x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2,0\right\}\)
Xét với n là số nguyên thì : \(\frac{1}{2^{-n}+1}+\frac{1}{2^n+1}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2^n}+1}+\frac{1}{2^n+1}=\frac{2^n}{2^n+1}+\frac{1}{2^n+1}=\frac{2^n+1}{2^n+1}=1\)
Vậy ta nhóm hợp lí như sau :
\(S=\left(\frac{1}{2^{-2013}+1}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}+1}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2^{-2012}+1}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}+1}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2^{-1}+1}+\frac{1}{2^1+1}\right)+\frac{1}{2^0+1}\)
\(=1+1+...+1+\frac{1}{2}\) (2013 số hạng 1)
\(=2013+\frac{1}{2}\)