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Ta có: \(x^2+x=x^2y-xy+y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-x^2y+xy-y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(1-y\right)+x\left(1+y\right)-y=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(1+y\right)^2+4y\left(1-y\right)\)
\(=y^2+2y+1+4y-4y^2=-3y^2+6y+1\)
Để PT có nghiệm thì \(\Delta\ge0\Leftrightarrow-3y^2+6y+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{3}\ge y\ge\frac{3-2\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow2\ge x\ge0\)
Vì y nguyên nên ta xét các TH sau:
TH1: \(y=0\Rightarrow x^2+x=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-1\end{cases}\left(tm\right)}\)
TH2: \(y=1\Rightarrow x^2+x=x^2-x+1\Leftrightarrow2x=1\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\left(ktm\right)\)
TH3: \(y=2\Rightarrow x^2+x=2x^2-2x+2\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ta có 4 cặp số (x;y) thỏa mãn ...
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\(x^2+x+xy-2y^2-y=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x+2xy-4y^2-2y=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)\(-4y^2=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(y+1\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2-4y^2=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-4y^2\right]+\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(y+1\right)^2\right]=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(x-2y+1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2y+1\right)=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(x-2y+1+x-1\right)=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(2x-2y\right)=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(x-y\right)=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(x-y\right)=5\)
Vì \(x,y>0\left(x,y\inℤ\right)\Rightarrow x+2y+1\inℤ^+\)
Mà \(\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(x-y\right)=5\)
Do đó \(\left(x-y\right)\inℤ^+\)
Vì \(x+2y+1\ge x-y>0\)(vì \(x;y\in Z^+\))
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y+1\right)\left(x-y\right)=5.1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y+1=5\\x-y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y+1=5\\x=y+1\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+1+2y+1=5\\x=y+1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3y+2=5\\x=y+1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3y=3\\x=y+1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=y+1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=2\end{cases}}\)(thỏa mãn \(x,y\inℤ^+\))
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm nguyên dương \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)
Lưu ý : tớ ghi \(ℤ^+\)là chỉ số nguyên dương, ghi vào vở bạn nên ghi là "số nguyen dương" thôi.