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Ta có \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}..\)
Theo giả thiết \(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1\right)\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
Mà x,y>1/4\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1\ge\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\le2\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{y}+1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)^2\le0\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{y}=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=1\left(TMĐK\right).\)
a) +) Điều kiện : x \(\ge\) 0 ; y \(\ge\) 0 ; y \(\ne\) 1 ; x; y không đồng thời bằng 0
+) \(P=\frac{x\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-y\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)-xy\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{x\sqrt{x}+x-y+y\sqrt{y}-xy\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(x-y\right)-xy\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+y-\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-xy\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{x+y-\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}-xy}{\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)+\left(y-xy\right)-\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\sqrt{x}+y\left(1-x\right)-\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+y-y\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-y\sqrt{x}\right)+\left(y-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{y}\right)-\sqrt{y}\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)}\)
\(P=\sqrt{x}\left(1+\sqrt{y}\right)-\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{xy}\)
b) Để P = 2 <=> \(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{xy}=2\) <=> \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{xy}=\sqrt{y}+2\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{y}+2\right)^2\)
<=> \(x+xy+2x\sqrt{y}=y+4+4\sqrt{y}\)
<=> \(x+xy-y+\left(2x-4\right)\sqrt{y}=4\)(*)
P = 2 <=> (x; y) thỏa mãn (*)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+4+\frac{y^2-4}{y}+4=4\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)\)
Lại có: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+4=x+\frac{4x-4}{x}\ge4\sqrt{x-1}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y^2-4}{y}+4\ge4\sqrt{y-1}\)
Cộng từng vế: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+\frac{y^2-4}{y}+8\ge4\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=2
Vậy (x;y)=(2'2)