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\(\Leftrightarrow4.25^x-4.5^x+1=4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2.5^x-1\right)^2=4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41\)
Ta có:
\(4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41=\left(2y^2+2y+2\right)^2+8y+37>\left(2y^2+2y+2\right)^2\)
\(4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41=\left(2y^2+2y+5\right)^2+4\left(y-1\right)\left(3y+4\right)\ge\left(2y^2+2y+5\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41=\left(2y^2+2y+3\right)^2\\4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41=\left(2y^2+2y+4\right)^2\\4y^4+8y^3+12y^2+16y+41=\left(2y^2+2y+5\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y^2-y-8=0\left(\text{không có nghiệm nguyên}\right)\\8y^2-25=0\left(\text{không có nghiệm nguyên}\right)\\\left(y-1\right)\left(3y+4\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow y=1\)
Thế vào pt ban đầu: \(25^x-5^x=20\)
Đặt \(5^x=t>0\Rightarrow t^2-t-20=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=5\\t=-4\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x=5\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+22xy+141=4\left(x^2+6xy+9y^2\right)+7\left(x+3y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+11\right)^2+20=4\left(x+3y\right)^2+7\left(x+3y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16\left(xy+11\right)^2+320=64\left(x+3y\right)^2+112\left(x+3y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4xy+44\right)^2+369=\left(8x+24y+7\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(8x+24y-4xy-37\right)\left(8x+24y+4xy+51\right)=369\)
Pt ước số
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3y\right)^2+xy=\left(xy\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3y\right)^2=xy\left(xy-1\right)\)
Do \(xy\left(xy-1\right)\) là 2 số nguyên liên tiếp nên tích của chúng là SCP khi và chỉ khi: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy=0\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(xy=0\Rightarrow4x^2+9y^2=0\Rightarrow x=y=0\)
TH2: \(xy=1\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;1\right);\left(-1;-1\right)\) thế vào pt đầu đều ko thỏa mãn
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)
Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)
\(x^2+x+13=y^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2+x+13=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2-4y^2+4x+52=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-4y^2=51\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1-2y\right)\left(2x+1+2y\right)=51=51\cdot1=17\cdot3\left(x,y>0\right)\)
Tới đây giải ra các trường hợp thui