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18 tháng 9 2023

Ta có :\(S_n=1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\left(n\in N^{\cdot}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{n-1}=1^2+2^2+3^2+...+\left(n-1\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n-1+1\right)\left(2n-2+1\right)}{6}=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)\left(2n-1\right)}{6}\)

NV
8 tháng 3 2021

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)

Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)

NV
8 tháng 3 2021

b.

Câu b này đề sai

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)

Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)

Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)

Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)

- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)

- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)

- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)

\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

NV
9 tháng 8 2021

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{n+4}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}+\dfrac{2}{n+2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{3}{n+1+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}\right)\)

Đặt \(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n+1}\)

NV
21 tháng 1 2021

Với \(n>1\)

\(n\left(n^2-1\right)u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^3-n.u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^3.u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}+n.u_n\) (2)

Thay n bởi \(n-1\) vào (2):

\(\Rightarrow\left(n-1\right)^3u_{n-1}=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\) (3)

Từ (1) và (3):

\(\Rightarrow n\left(n^2-1\right)u_n=\left(n-1\right)^2u_{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(n+1\right)u_n=\left(n-1\right)^2u_{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2}{\left(n+1\right)n}u_{n-1}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2}{\left(n+1\right)n}.\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)^2}{n\left(n-1\right)}u_{n-2}=...=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2\left(n-2\right)^2....1^2}{\left(n+1\right)n.n\left(n-1\right)...3.2}u_1\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{\left[\left(n-1\right)!\right]^2}{\dfrac{\left(n+1\right).n^2\left[\left(n-1\right)!\right]^2}{2}}u_1=\dfrac{4}{n^2\left(n+1\right)}\) 

Công thức này chỉ đúng với \(n\ge2\)

NV
29 tháng 1 2022

\(\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}nu_n+n+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[nu_n-2n\right]\)

Đặt \(n.u_n-2n=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=-1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=-1.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow n.u_n-2n=-\dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=2-\dfrac{1}{n.2^{n-1}}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n+1}=v_n\)

\(GT\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{u_1}{1+1}=1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}v_n,\forall n\in N\text{*}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\left(n+1\right).\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)

18 tháng 2 2021

\(u_2=\sqrt{2}\left(2+3\right)-3=5\sqrt{2}-3\)

\(u_3=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.5\sqrt{2}-3=5\sqrt{3}-3\)

\(u_4=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}.5\sqrt{3}-3=5\sqrt{4}-3\)

....

\(\Rightarrow u_n=5\sqrt{n}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n}{\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\dfrac{5\sqrt{n}-3}{\sqrt{n}}=5\)