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\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{19,6\%}=25\left(g\right)\\ V_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{25}{1,84}\approx13,587\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
_____0,3<---0,3<------------------0,3
=> mFe = 0,3.56 = 16,8(g)
=> mrắn còn lại = mCu = 29,6-16,8 = 12,8 (g)
b) \(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}0,15(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ b,n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,8}.100\%=56,76\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-56,76\%=43,24\%\\ c,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{20\%}=73,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{73,5}{1,4}=52,5(l)\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
\(a.PTHH:\)
\(Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
\(MgO+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
b. ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=12-0,2.24=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{MgO}=\dfrac{7,2}{12}.100\%=60\%\)
c. Ta có: \(n_{hh}=0,2+\dfrac{7,2}{40}=0,38\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1,2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{hh}=2.0,38=0,76\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,76.36,5=27,74\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=138,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=126\left(ml\right)\)
\(a)Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b)Đặt:n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=12,1\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right);m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ c)n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_{\text{ 4}}}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{196}.100=10\%\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Ag không phản ứng với HCl vì trong dãy hoạt động hóa học thì Ag đứng sau H.
=> \(n_{H_2}=\frac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\) (mol)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Al}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\frac{2}{3}.0,6=0,4\) (mol)
=> mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8 (g)
=> mAg = 12 - 10,8 = 1,2(g)
a)PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
(mol) 2 3 1 3
(mol) 0,4 <-- 0,6 <-- 0,2 <-- 0,6
nH2= V/22,4 = 13,44/22,4 = 0,6(mol)
mAl=n.M= 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)
%mAl = mAl/mhh.100% = 10,8/12.100% = 90%
b) mH2SO4 = n.M = 0,6.98=58,8(g)
mddH2SO4 = 58,8.100%/7,35 = 800(g)
VddH2SO4=mdd/D = 800/1,025= 780,48(ml)