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a, Xét tử thức \(x^2\left(y-z\right)+y^2\left(z-x\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left[\left(x-z\right)-\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left(x-z\right)-z^2\left(y-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-z^2\right)\left(y-z\right)-\left(y^2-z^2\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y-z\right)-\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(xy-xz+yz-z^2-y^2-yz+yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(xy-xz+yz-y^2\right)=\left(x-z\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)-y\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
Mẫu thức \(x^2y-x^2z+y^2z-y^3=x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(y-z\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
Vậy \(\frac{x^2\left(y-z\right)+y^2\left(z-x\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y-x^2z+y^2z-y^3}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\frac{x-z}{x+y}\)
b, \(\frac{x^5+x+1}{x^3+x^2+x}=\frac{x^5-x^2+x^2+x+1}{x\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^2+x+1}{x\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)}{x\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{x^3-x^2+1}{x}\)
\(a,\frac{3.\left(x-y\right)}{y-x}=\frac{-3.\left(y-x\right)}{y-z}=-3\)
\(b,\frac{x^2-x}{1-x}=\frac{x.\left(x-1\right)}{1-x}=\frac{-x.\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}=-x\)
\(\frac{3\left(x-y\right)}{y-x}=\frac{3\left(x-y\right)}{-1\left(x-y\right)}=-3\)
\(\frac{x^2-x}{1-x}=\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{-1\left(x-1\right)}=-x\)
\(a,\frac{\left(2x^2+2x\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x^3-4x\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{x+2}\)
Với \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{x+2}=\frac{2\left(\frac{1}{2}-2\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+2}=\frac{2.-\frac{3}{2}}{\frac{5}{2}}=-3.\frac{2}{5}=\frac{-6}{5}\)
b,Do x = -5; y = 10=> y = -2x
Thay y = -2x vào biểu thức ta được
\(\frac{x^3-x^2\left(-2x\right)+x\left(-2x\right)^2}{x^3+\left(-2x\right)^3}\)
\(=\frac{x^3+2x^3+2x^2}{x^3-8x^3}\)
\(=\frac{3x^3+2x^2}{-7x^3}=\frac{3}{-7}+\frac{2}{-7x}\)
Thay x = -5 là đc
\(\frac{x^{10}-x^8-x^7+x^6+x^6+x^4-x^3-x^2+1}{x^{30}+x^{24}+x^{18}+x^{12}+x^6+1}=\frac{(x^{10}-x^8+x^6)-(x^7-x^5+x^3)+(x^4-x^2+1)}{ (x^{30}+x^{18}+x^{24})+(x^{12}+x^6+1)} \)
=\(\frac{(x^4-x^2+1)(x^6-x^3+1)}{(x^{12}+x^6+1)(x^{18}+1 )}=\frac{(x^4-x^2+1)(x^6-x^3+1)}{(x^{12}+2x^6+1-x^6) (x^6+1)(x^{12}-x^6+1)}=\frac{(x^4-x^2+1)(x^6-x^3+1)}{ (x^6-x^3+1)(x^6+x^3+1)(x^2+1)(x^4-x^2+1)(x^12-x^6+1 )} \)
=\(\frac{1}{(x^6+x^2+1)(x^2+1)(x^{12}-x^6+1)}\)
\(\frac{x^2-3x+2}{x^3-1}=\frac{x^2-2x-x+2}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x.\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x-1\right).\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x-2}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(ĐKXĐ:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-3\\x\ne2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}-\dfrac{5}{x^2+x-6}+\dfrac{1}{2-x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-4-5-\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-x-12}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-4}{x-2}\)
\(\frac{x^2+2x+1}{5x^3+5x^2}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{5x^2\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{x+1}{5x^2};\)
b, \(\frac{2x^2+2x}{x+1}=\frac{2x\left(x+1\right)}{x+1}=2x\)
\(\dfrac{x^5+x^3+x^2+1}{x^3+x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{x^3\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(x^3+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{x+1}=x^2-x+1\)
\(\dfrac{x^5+x^3+x^2+1}{x^3+x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{x^3.\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)}{x.\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+1\right).\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right).\left(x^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+1}{x+1}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right).\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{x+1}\) \(=x^2-x+1\)