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25 tháng 11 2018

32. T

33. F

34. T

35. T

36. F

A. Choose the one option (a, b, c or d) that best completes the passage Northern Japan has been rocked by a (1)_______ of earthquakes and aftershocks that began on 23 October 2004 and left at least 23 people dead and thousands more (2) _______ and homeless. The initial quake that (3)________the Niigata prefecture on Honshu Island measured 6.5 on the Richter Scale, with a depth of 9.8 miles, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The earthquake's (4)_________ was located about 162...
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A. Choose the one option (a, b, c or d) that best completes the passage
Northern Japan has been rocked by a (1)_______ of earthquakes and aftershocks that began on 23 October 2004 and left at least 23 people dead and thousands more (2) _______ and homeless.
The initial quake that (3)________the Niigata prefecture on Honshu Island measured 6.5 on the Richter Scale, with a depth of 9.8 miles, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The earthquake's (4)_________ was located about 162 miles northwest of Tokyo in Ojiya City, (5)________ several deaths were reported. housing was destroyed and landslides added to the devastation. (6)_____from the initial quake were said to have been felt as far away as Tokyo, with two aftershocks measuring 6.2 and 6.0 on th Richter Scale and another 5.7-magnitude earthquake occurred (7) _______Monday, October 25.
The quakes (8)__________ more than 1,000 buildings, caused widespread power and gas outages and damaged water mains. Rescue (9)___________were hindered by (10)_______ roads, lack of electricity and collapsed bridges
1. a. range d. kind c. string b. series
2. a. injure d. injurious b. injury c. injured
3. a. struck d. caused c. swept b. occurred
4. a. destruction b. damage d. magnitude c. epicenter
5. a. which d. where c. when b. that
6. a. Tremors d. Movements b. Earthquakes c. Shakes
7. a. in d. from b. on c. at
8. a. saved d. demolished b. suck up c. blew down
9. a. schemes d. struggles b. results c. efforts
10. a. inpasse d. struggles d. impassable b. passing c. passable

0
VI. Read the passage carefully, then decide whether the following statement are true (T) or false (F) Halloween has its origin in the ancient Celtic celebration called Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celtic people lived in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France over 2,000 years ago. The Celtic New Year began on November 1. Samhain was a festival that celebrated the end of summer and the harvest season on the day before the new year. During this festival, the Celts would wear...
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VI. Read the passage carefully, then decide whether the following statement are true (T) or false (F)
Halloween has its origin in the ancient Celtic celebration called Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celtic people lived in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France over 2,000 years ago. The Celtic New Year began on November 1. Samhain was a festival that celebrated the end of summer and the harvest season on the day before the new year. During this festival, the Celts would wear costumes and try to tell each other their future.
By the time Christianity had spread to the region in the ninth century A.D., November 1 had been designated All Saints Day or All-hallows. The day before, October 31", was referred to as All-hallows Eve. It is now simply called Halloween.
32. The origin of Halloween can be traced to Celts.
33. The celebration of Samhain took place on November 1st.
34. During Samhain, people wore costumes and told each other's fortune.
35. By the 900s, Christianity had spread into Celtic lands.
36. All-hallows Eve is another name for Halloween.

1

Halloween has its origin in the ancient Celtic celebration called Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celtic people lived in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France over 2,000 years ago. The Celtic New Year began on November 1. Samhain was a festival that celebrated the end of summer and the harvest season on the day before the new year. During this festival, the Celts would wear costumes and try to tell each other their future.
By the time Christianity had spread to the region in the ninth century A.D., November 1 had been designated All Saints Day or All-hallows. The day before, October 31", was referred to as All-hallows Eve. It is now simply called Halloween.
32. The origin of Halloween can be traced to Celts. T
33. The celebration of Samhain took place on November 1st. T
34. During Samhain, people wore costumes and told each other's fortune. T
35. By the 900s, Christianity had spread into Celtic lands. T
36. All-hallows Eve is another name for Halloween.T

The large movement of earth under the water causes a very large and powerful tsunami. The tsunami was called the Asian Tsunami in most of the world. It was called the Boxing Day Tsunami in England, Australia, South Africa and Canada because it happened on the holiday they call Boxing Day. The tsunami caused a lot of damage to countries such as Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Waves as high as 30m killed many people and damaged or destroyed a lot of buildings and other...
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The large movement of earth under the water causes a very large and powerful tsunami. The tsunami was called the Asian Tsunami in most of the world. It was called the Boxing Day Tsunami in England, Australia, South Africa and Canada because it happened on the holiday they call Boxing Day. The tsunami caused a lot of damage to countries such as Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Sri Lanka.

Waves as high as 30m killed many people and damaged or destroyed a lot of buildings and other properties. Over 225,000 people died or were not found after the Tsunami, The wave traveled as far away as South Africa (8000km) where as many as 8 people died because of high water caused by the wave. Because of how much damage was caused and the number of people the earthquake affected, over 7 billion was donated to help the survivors and rebuild the areas damaged.

1. Why was the tsunami called the Boxing Day Tsunami in England?

A. Because it happened when people were boxing.

B. Because it happened when people were collecting boxes

C. Because it happened on Boxing Day

D. Because it destroyed a lot of boxes

2. How high were the waves?

A. Thirteen meters B. Eighteen meters

C. Thirty meters D. Two hundred and twenty-five meters

3. What were some people in South Africa killed by?

A. Earthquake B. High water C. High wind D. Property

4. What does the word "survivors' in line 11 mean?

A. houses that aren't destroyed

B. offices that are being built.

C. people that are dead

D. people that are left alive

5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Only in Asia the tsunami was called Asian Tsunami.

B. The tsunami caused a lot of damage to Indonesia.

C. Many people died because of the high waves

D. A lot of money was raised to help people

1
15 tháng 2 2020

The large movement of earth under the water causes a very large and powerful tsunami. The tsunami was called the Asian Tsunami in most of the world. It was called the Boxing Day Tsunami in England, Australia, South Africa and Canada because it happened on the holiday they call Boxing Day. The tsunami caused a lot of damage to countries such as Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Sri Lanka.

Waves as high as 30m killed many people and damaged or destroyed a lot of buildings and other properties. Over 225,000 people died or were not found after the Tsunami, The wave traveled as far away as South Africa (8000km) where as many as 8 people died because of high water caused by the wave. Because of how much damage was caused and the number of people the earthquake affected, over 7 billion was donated to help the survivors and rebuild the areas damaged.

1. Why was the tsunami called the Boxing Day Tsunami in England?

A. Because it happened when people were boxing.

B. Because it happened when people were collecting boxes

C. Because it happened on Boxing Day

D. Because it destroyed a lot of boxes

2. How high were the waves?

A. Thirteen meters B. Eighteen meters

C. Thirty meters D. Two hundred and twenty-five meters

3. What were some people in South Africa killed by?

A. Earthquake B. High water C. High wind D. Property

4. What does the word "survivors' in line 11 mean?

A. houses that aren't destroyed

B. offices that are being built.

C. people that are dead

D. people that are left alive

5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Only in Asia the tsunami was called Asian Tsunami.

B. The tsunami caused a lot of damage to Indonesia.

C. Many people died because of the high waves

D. A lot of money was raised to help people

•    Read the text and decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F) Hoi An, once known as Faifo, with more than 2,000 years history, was the principal port of the Cham Kingdom. While the serious shipping business has long been moved to Da Nang, the heart of the city is still the Old Town, full of winding lanes and Chinese-styled shop-houses. Although almost all shops now cater to the tourist trade, the architecture has been largely preserved, which is unusual in Vietnam, and...
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    Read the text and decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F)

Hoi An, once known as Faifo, with more than 2,000 years history, was the principal port of the Cham Kingdom. While the serious shipping business has long been moved to Da Nang, the heart of the city is still the Old Town, full of winding lanes and Chinese-styled shop-houses. Although almost all shops now cater to the tourist trade, the architecture has been largely preserved, which is unusual in Vietnam, and renovation has proceeded slowly and carefully.  

However, the culture & heritage that this UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) was trying to preserve has faded away. Since 1999, when UNESCO WHS status was awarded, there has been a massive increase in tourism - with the result that most houses have been sold by the community to speculators and shop owners to be used for commercial purposes. The former community, and with it their culture and heritage, has gone and in their place are endless indistinguishable shops, restaurants, art galleries, etc. There are literally hundreds of tailor shops in Hoi An.

 

True

False

31. Hoi An used to be a trading port.

 

 

32. Da Nang has replaced Hoi An as a hub for shipping business

 

 

33. There are more than 100 tailor shops in Hoi An

 

 

34. The UNESCO World Heritage Site refers to Hoi An

 

 

35. The culture and heritage of Hoi An has been largely preserved

 

 

1
26 tháng 12 2022

Hoi An, once known as Faifo, with more than 2,000 years history, was the principal port of the Cham Kingdom. While the serious shipping business has long been moved to Da Nang, the heart of the city is still the Old Town, full of winding lanes and Chinese-styled shop-houses. Although almost all shops now cater to the tourist trade, the architecture has been largely preserved, which is unusual in Vietnam, and renovation has proceeded slowly and carefully.  

However, the culture & heritage that this UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) was trying to preserve has faded away. Since 1999, when UNESCO WHS status was awarded, there has been a massive increase in tourism - with the result that most houses have been sold by the community to speculators and shop owners to be used for commercial purposes. The former community, and with it their culture and heritage, has gone and in their place are endless indistinguishable shops, restaurants, art galleries, etc. There are literally hundreds of tailor shops in Hoi An.

 

True

False

31. Hoi An used to be a trading port.

 X

 

32. Da Nang has replaced Hoi An as a hub for shipping business

 X

 

33. There are more than 100 tailor shops in Hoi An

 X

 

34. The UNESCO World Heritage Site refers to Hoi An

 X

 

35. The culture and heritage of Hoi An has been largely preserved

 

 X

26 tháng 12 2022

Cảm ơn bạn

* Read the text and decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F)Hoi An, once known as Faifo, with more than 2,000 years history, was the principal port of the Cham Kingdom. While the serious shipping business has long been moved to Da Nang, the heart of the city is still the Old Town, full of winding lanes and Chinese-styled shop-houses. Although almost all shops now cater to the tourist trade, the architecture has been largely preserved, which is unusual in Vietnam, and...
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* Read the text and decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F)
Hoi An, once known as Faifo, with more than 2,000 years history, was the principal port of the Cham Kingdom. While the serious shipping business has long been moved to Da Nang, the heart of the city is still the Old Town, full of winding lanes and Chinese-styled shop-houses. Although almost all shops now cater to the tourist trade, the architecture has been largely preserved, which is unusual in Vietnam, and renovation has proceeded slowly and carefully.
However, the culture & heritage that this UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) was trying to preserve has faded away. Since 1999, when UNESCO WHS status was awarded, there has been a massive increase in tourism - with the result that most houses have been sold by the community to speculators and shop owners to be used for commercial purposes. The former community, and with it their culture and heritage, has gone and in their place are endless indistinguishable shops, restaurants, art galleries, etc. There are literally hundreds of tailor shops in Hoi An.
……1. Hoi An used to be a trading port.
……2. Da Nang has replaced Hoi An as a hub for shipping business.
……3. There are more than 100 tailor shops in Hoi An.
……4. The UNESCO World Heritage Site refers to Hoi An.
……5. The culture and heritage of Hoi An has been largely preserved.

0
Giup minh vs nha!! One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice...
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Giup minh vs nha!!

One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the words "More!"

The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.

"Oh, yes. That´s one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.

Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a "language", in the real sense of the word? Scientist don´t agree on this.

1/ The dolphin leapt into the air because

A. Sagan was too near the water

B. it was part of the game they were playing.

C. he wanted Sagan to scratch him again

D. Sagan wanted to communicate with him

2/ "Dolphins" brains are particularly well developed to

A. help them to travle fast in water

B. arrange sounds in different structures

C. respond to different kinds of sound

D. communicate with humans through sound

Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.

B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.

C These messages could be sent very quickly.

D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.

E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.

F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.

War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.

Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.

The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 ( )

Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( ). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.

Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 ( ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.

Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.

1
14 tháng 7 2018

One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the words "More!"

The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.

"Oh, yes. That´s one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.

Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a "language", in the real sense of the word? Scientist don´t agree on this.

1/ The dolphin leapt into the air because

A. Sagan was too near the water

B. it was part of the game they were playing.

C. he wanted Sagan to scratch him again

D. Sagan wanted to communicate with him

2/ "Dolphins" brains are particularly well developed to

A. help them to travle fast in water

B. arrange sounds in different structures

C. respond to different kinds of sound

D. communicate with humans through sound

12 tháng 8 2020

Read the passage carefully,then decide whether the following statements are True or False

Thailand is one of the countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN),bordering on Myanmar,Laos ,and Cambodia.The capital of Thailand is Bangkok.The population in 2001 over 54 million.Buddhism is the country's official religion.It is a monarchuy , and intil 1939 was known as Siam.The national language is Thai.Unit of currency is the batj,consisting of 100 satang.It is the world's largest exporter of rice,and also produces rubber,timber,tin and precious stones

1.Thailand has been known as Siam since 1939.........T............

2.The capital of Thailand is Bangkok...........T............

3.Islam is the country's religion.........F....... (Buddhism is the country's religion not Islam)

4.It is the world's second largest exporter of rice.........F............(The world's largest exporter of rice not the world's second largest )

Giup voi a Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0). A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily. B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days. C These messages could be sent very quickly. D The new...
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Giup voi a

Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.

B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.

C These messages could be sent very quickly.

D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.

E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.

F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.

War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.

Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.

The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 ( )

Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( ). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.

Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 ( ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.

Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.

1
16 tháng 7 2018

Giup voi a

Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.

B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.

C These messages could be sent very quickly.

D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.

E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.

F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.

War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.

Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.

The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )

Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.

Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.

Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( B) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.

Giúp mình vs ạ! Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0). A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily. B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days. C These messages could be sent very quickly. D...
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Giúp mình vs ạ!

Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.

B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.

C These messages could be sent very quickly.

D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.

E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.

F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.

War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.

Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.

The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 ( )

Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( ). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.

Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 ( ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.

Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.

1
16 tháng 7 2018

Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.

B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.

C These messages could be sent very quickly.

D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.

E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.

F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.

War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.

Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.

The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )

Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.

Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.

Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 (B ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.