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11 tháng 1 2019

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

Giải thích:

  A. applied (v): áp dụng                              B. displayed (v): thể hiện

  C. heard (v): nghe                                        D. used (v): sử dụng

In animals, distress calls are mainly (27) displayed by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears.

Tạm dịch: Ở động vật, các tiếng kêu đau khổ chủ yếu được thể hiện bởi con non, và chúng không bao giờ đi kèm với việc tạo ra nước mắt.

Chọn B

Dịch bài đọc:

Để hiểu rõ hơn về tác động của tiếng khóc ở người, điều quan trọng là phải xem xét sự tương ứng của động vật với tiếng khóc của con người (trong lĩnh vực giao tiếp), cũng như các hành vi khác của động vật có thể phục vụ các chức năng giảm căng thẳng. Trong tất cả các động vật có vú và hầu hết các loài chim, con cái phản ứng với các tiếng gọi phân tách hoặc các tiếng kêu đau khổ khi bị tách khỏi cha mẹ. Có thể có một chút nghi ngờ rằng đây là cơ sở phát sinh gen của tiếng khóc âm thanh của trẻ sơ sinh. Hình thức khóc rất cơ bản này có nghĩa là hoàn tác sự tách biệt khỏi cha mẹ và nó không có khả năng làm dịu trực tiếp. Thay vào đó, hành vi này dường như được liên kết với trạng thái kích thích tăng lên và dẫn đến làm dịu vì sự thoải mái và hỗ trợ mà nó gợi ra, đó là, vì nó đã hoàn thành chức năng liên cá nhân. Ở động vật, các tiếng kêu đau khổ chủ yếu được thể hiện bởi con non, và chúng không bao giờ đi kèm với việc tạo ra nước mắt. Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những người được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.

To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Điền vào ô 26

A. satisfied

B. finished

C. completed

D. fulfilled

1
19 tháng 1 2019

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

Giải thích:

  A. satisfied (v): làm hài lòng                       B. finished (v): hoàn thành

  C. completed (v): hoàn thiện                        D. fulfilled (v): hoàn thành

Đi kèm danh từ function (chức năng) là động từ “fulfill”.

Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26) fulfilled its inter-individual function.

Tạm dịch: Thay vào đó, hành vi này dường như được liên kết với trạng thái kích thích tăng lên và dẫn đến làm dịu vì sự thoải mái và hỗ trợ mà nó gợi ra, đó là, vì nó đã hoàn thành chức năng liên cá nhân.

Chọn D

Dịch bài đọc:

Để hiểu rõ hơn về tác động của tiếng khóc ở người, điều quan trọng là phải xem xét sự tương ứng của động vật với tiếng khóc của con người (trong lĩnh vực giao tiếp), cũng như các hành vi khác của động vật có thể phục vụ các chức năng giảm căng thẳng. Trong tất cả các động vật có vú và hầu hết các loài chim, con cái phản ứng với các tiếng gọi phân tách hoặc các tiếng kêu đau khổ khi bị tách khỏi cha mẹ. Có thể có một chút nghi ngờ rằng đây là cơ sở phát sinh gen của tiếng khóc âm thanh của trẻ sơ sinh. Hình thức khóc rất cơ bản này có nghĩa là hoàn tác sự tách biệt khỏi cha mẹ và nó không có khả năng làm dịu trực tiếp. Thay vào đó, hành vi này dường như được liên kết với trạng thái kích thích tăng lên và dẫn đến làm dịu vì sự thoải mái và hỗ trợ mà nó gợi ra, đó là, vì nó đã hoàn thành chức năng liên cá nhân. Ở động vật, các tiếng kêu đau khổ chủ yếu được thể hiện bởi con non, và chúng không bao giờ đi kèm với việc tạo ra nước mắt. Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những người được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.

To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Điền vào ô 25

A. separated

B. separation

C. separately

D. separating

1
9 tháng 10 2017

Kiến thức: Từ loại

Giải thích:

  A. separated (adj): bị chia cắt                     B. separation (n): sự chia rẽ

  C. separately (adv): riêng biệt                       D. separating (v): chia rẽ

Cụm từ “separation call” (cuộc gọi chia ly)

In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25) separation calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents.

Tạm dịch: Trong tất cả các động vật có vú và hầu hết các loài chim, con cái phản ứng với các tiếng gọi phân tách hoặc các tiếng kêu đau khổ khi bị tách khỏi cha mẹ.

Chọn B

 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.

To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Điền vào ô 29

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. that

1
8 tháng 3 2019

Kiến thức: Đại từ quan hệ

Giải thích:

Đại từ quan hệ “which” làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ sự vật, sự việc (behaviors and stereotypes).

On the other hand, candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29) which are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Tạm dịch: Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những cái được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.

Chọn A

Dịch bài đọc:

Để hiểu rõ hơn về tác động của tiếng khóc ở người, điều quan trọng là phải xem xét sự tương ứng của động vật với tiếng khóc của con người (trong lĩnh vực giao tiếp), cũng như các hành vi khác của động vật có thể phục vụ các chức năng giảm căng thẳng. Trong tất cả các động vật có vú và hầu hết các loài chim, con cái phản ứng với các tiếng gọi phân tách hoặc các tiếng kêu đau khổ khi bị tách khỏi cha mẹ. Có thể có một chút nghi ngờ rằng đây là cơ sở phát sinh gen của tiếng khóc âm thanh của trẻ sơ sinh. Hình thức khóc rất cơ bản này có nghĩa là hoàn tác sự tách biệt khỏi cha mẹ và nó không có khả năng làm dịu trực tiếp. Thay vào đó, hành vi này dường như được liên kết với trạng thái kích thích tăng lên và dẫn đến làm dịu vì sự thoải mái và hỗ trợ mà nó gợi ra, đó là, vì nó đã hoàn thành chức năng liên cá nhân. Ở động vật, các tiếng kêu đau khổ chủ yếu được thể hiện bởi con non, và chúng không bao giờ đi kèm với việc tạo ra nước mắt. Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những người được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.

To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Điền vào ô 28

A. In addition

B. On the other hand

C. As a consequence

D. What is more

1
30 tháng 9 2017

Kiến thức: Liên từ

Giải thích:

  A. In addition: Ngoài ra                              B. On the other hand: mặt khác

  C. As a consequence: vì vậy                         D.What is more: hơn nữa

(28) On the other hand, candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals

Tạm dịch: Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người

Chọn B

Dịch bài đọc:

Để hiểu rõ hơn về tác động của tiếng khóc ở người, điều quan trọng là phải xem xét sự tương ứng của động vật với tiếng khóc của con người (trong lĩnh vực giao tiếp), cũng như các hành vi khác của động vật có thể phục vụ các chức năng giảm căng thẳng. Trong tất cả các động vật có vú và hầu hết các loài chim, con cái phản ứng với các tiếng gọi phân tách hoặc các tiếng kêu đau khổ khi bị tách khỏi cha mẹ. Có thể có một chút nghi ngờ rằng đây là cơ sở phát sinh gen của tiếng khóc âm thanh của trẻ sơ sinh. Hình thức khóc rất cơ bản này có nghĩa là hoàn tác sự tách biệt khỏi cha mẹ và nó không có khả năng làm dịu trực tiếp. Thay vào đó, hành vi này dường như được liên kết với trạng thái kích thích tăng lên và dẫn đến làm dịu vì sự thoải mái và hỗ trợ mà nó gợi ra, đó là, vì nó đã hoàn thành chức năng liên cá nhân. Ở động vật, các tiếng kêu đau khổ chủ yếu được thể hiện bởi con non, và chúng không bao giờ đi kèm với việc tạo ra nước mắt. Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những người được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questionsEthology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.

Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead . Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child Development” the critical period . It refers to a limited times span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whether complex cognitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods. for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?

          Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensure that the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation and affection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby.

The author mentions all of the following as attachment behaviors of human infants EXCEPT ____

A. smiling  

B. crying     

C. eating      

D. grasping

1
11 tháng 9 2018

Đáp án là C

Ý trong bài: He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, ....

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks. The ability to weep is a uniquely human form of emotional response. Some scientists have suggested that human tears are (16)_________of an aquatic past, but this does not seem very likely. We cry from the moment we enter this world, for a number of reasons. Helpless babies cry to persuade their parents that they are ill, hungry or uncomfortable. As they...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.

The ability to weep is a uniquely human form of emotional response. Some scientists have suggested that human tears are (16)_________of an aquatic past, but this does not seem very likely. We cry from the moment we enter this world, for a number of reasons. Helpless babies cry to persuade their parents that they are ill, hungry or uncomfortable. As they (17)_________, they will also cry just to attract parental attention and will often stop when they get it.

The idea that having a good cry do you (18)_________is a very old one and now it has scientific validity since recent research into tears has shown that they (19)  a natural painkiller called enkaphalin. By fighting sorrow and pain, this chemical helps you feel better. Weeping can increase the quantities of enkaphalin you (20)_________.

Unfortunately, in our society, we impose restrictions upon this naturally (21)_________activity. Because some people still regard it as a (22)  of weakness in men, boys in particular are admonished when they cry. This kind of repression can only increase stress, both emotionally and physically.

Tears of emotion also help the body (23)_________itself of toxic chemical waste, for there is more protein in

them than in tears resulting from cold winds or other irritants. Crying comforts and calms can be very

enjoyable - (24)_________the popularity of highly emotional films which are commonly (25)_________“weepies”. It seems that people enjoy crying together almost as much as laughing together.Question 16

A: evidence

B: display

C: result

D: witness

1
9 tháng 5 2017

Đáp án là A. evidence: bằng chứng. “human tears are evidence of an aquatic past - nước mắt của con người là bằng chứng của một quá khứ thủy sinh”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questionsEthology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.

Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead . Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child Development” the critical period . It refers to a limited times span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whether complex cognitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods. for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?

          Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensure that the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation and affection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby.

According to the passage, if a mother goose is not present during the time period when imprinting takes place, which of the following will most likely occur?

A. The mother will later imprint on the gosling.

B. The gosling may not find a mate when it matures.

C. The gosling will not imprint on any object.

D. The gosling may imprint on another object.

1
16 tháng 7 2017

Đáp án là D

Ý trong bài: If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead .

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks. The ability to weep is a uniquely human form of emotional response. Some scientists have suggested that human tears are (16)_________of an aquatic past, but this does not seem very likely. We cry from the moment we enter this world, for a number of reasons. Helpless babies cry to persuade their parents that they are ill, hungry or uncomfortable. As they...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.

The ability to weep is a uniquely human form of emotional response. Some scientists have suggested that human tears are (16)_________of an aquatic past, but this does not seem very likely. We cry from the moment we enter this world, for a number of reasons. Helpless babies cry to persuade their parents that they are ill, hungry or uncomfortable. As they (17)_________, they will also cry just to attract parental attention and will often stop when they get it.The idea that having a good cry do you (18)_________is a very old one and now it has scientific validity since recent research into tears has shown that they (19)                a natural painkiller called enkaphalin. By fighting sorrow and pain, this chemical helps you feel better. Weeping can increase the quantities of enkaphalin you (20)_________.

Unfortunately, in our society, we impose restrictions upon this naturally (21)_________activity. Because some people still regard it as a (22)  of weakness in men, boys in particular are admonished when they cry. This kind of repression can only increase stress, both emotionally and physically.

Tears of emotion also help the body (23)_________itself of toxic chemical waste, for there is more protein in

them than in tears resulting from cold winds or other irritants. Crying comforts and calms can be very

enjoyable - (24)_________the popularity of highly emotional films which are commonly (25)_________“weepies”. It seems that people enjoy crying together almost as much as laughing together.Question 25

A: subtitled

B: named

C: entitled

D: called

1
4 tháng 10 2018

Đáp án là D. called + N: được gọi là

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questionsEthology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.

Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead . Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child Development” the critical period . It refers to a limited times span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whether complex cognitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods. for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?

          Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensure that the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation and affection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby.

It can be inferred from the passage that ethological theory assumes that _____

A. failure to imprint has no influence on intelligence

B. to learn about human behavior only human subjects should be studied

C. there are similarities between animal and human behavior

D. the notion of critical periods applies only to animals

1
3 tháng 7 2018

Đáp án là C

Dựa vào đoạn 2 và 3.