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\(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(A-\dfrac{A}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2A}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(\left[\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\right]-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\) (do 3/2^3=1/2^2+1/2^3)
\(\left[1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{101}\right]\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{2^{101-1}}{2^{100}}\right)-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(2^{101-1}\right)}{2^{99}-100}}{2^{100}}\)
Giải:
\(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+\dfrac{5}{2^5}+...+\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2}A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^4}+\dfrac{4}{2^5}+...+\dfrac{99}{2^{100}}+\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(A-\dfrac{A}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2A}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\right]-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\) ( Vì \(\dfrac{3}{2^3}=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}\) )
\(=\dfrac{\left[1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{101}\right]}{\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2^{101}-1\right)}{2^{100}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\left(2^{101}-1\right)}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
A=1+B
B=\(\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x}{2^x}\right)\)( cho x chạy từ 3 đến 100) =1
=> A=1+B=1+1=2
\(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+.......+\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=2+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+.........+\dfrac{100}{2^{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A-A=\left(2+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+......+\dfrac{100}{2^{99}}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+.........+\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{11}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+......+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
Đặt :
\(H=\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+......+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{11}{4}-H-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2H=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+........+\dfrac{1}{2^{98}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2H-H=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{98}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow H=\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{11}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+..+\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\\ \Rightarrow2A=2+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{100}{2^{99}}\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{7}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\\ B=\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\\ \Rightarrow2B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{98}}\\ \Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{7}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\\ =2-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(linh=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5^2}+\dfrac{3}{5^3}+\dfrac{4}{5^4}+....+\dfrac{100}{5^{100}}\)
\(5linh=5\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5^2}+\dfrac{3}{5^3}+\dfrac{4}{5^4}+...+\dfrac{100}{5^{100}}\right)\)
\(5linh=1+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5^2}+\dfrac{4}{5^3}+...+\dfrac{100}{5^{99}}\)
\(5linh-linh=\left(1+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5^2}+\dfrac{4}{5^3}+...+\dfrac{100}{5^{99}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5^2}+\dfrac{3}{5^3}+\dfrac{4}{5^4}+...+\dfrac{100}{5^{100}}\right)\)
\(4linh=1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{5^{100}}\)
Đặt:
\(linh_2=1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{5^{99}}\)
\(5linh_2=5\left(1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{5^{99}}\right)\)
\(5linh_2=5+1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^{98}}\)
\(5linh_2-linh_2=\left(5+1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^{98}}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^{99}}\right)\)
\(4linh_2=5-\dfrac{1}{5^{99}}\)
\(linh=\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5^{99}.4}\)
Nên \(4linh=\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5^{99}.4}-\dfrac{100}{5^{100}}\)
Khi đó \(linh=\dfrac{5}{16}-\dfrac{1}{5^{99}.16}-\dfrac{100}{5^{100}.4}\)
Bài này bn dùng tính tổng xích ma trên máy tính:
\(\sum\limits^{100}_{x=1}\left(\dfrac{X}{5^X}\right)\)
Kết quả: 5/16
a, \(B=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\\ 3B=3+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2003}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}\\ 3B-B=\left(3+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2003}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\right)\\2B=3-\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\\ B=\dfrac{3-\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}}{2}\)
b,
\(A=1+5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{49}+5^{50}\\ 5A=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{50}+5^{51}\\ 5A-A=\left(5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{50}+5^{51}\right)-\left(1+5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{49}+5^{50}\right)\\ 4A=5^{51}-1\\ A=\dfrac{5^{51}-1}{4}\)
c,
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4^2-1}\right)......\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2-1}\right)\\ A=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{9}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}-1\right)......\left(\dfrac{1}{10000}-1\right)\\ A=\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{8}{9}\cdot\dfrac{15}{16}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\dfrac{9999}{10000}\\ A=\dfrac{1\cdot3}{2\cdot2}\cdot\dfrac{2\cdot4}{3\cdot3}\cdot\dfrac{3\cdot5}{4\cdot4}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\dfrac{99\cdot101}{100\cdot100}\\ A=\dfrac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot99}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot100}\cdot\dfrac{3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot101}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot100}\\ A=\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}\\ A=\dfrac{101}{200}\)
d,
\(A=2^{100}-2^{99}+2^{98}-2^{97}+...+2^2-2\\ A=\left(2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\right)-\left(2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2^1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=B-C\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\right)vàC=\left(2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2^1\right)\)
\(B=2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\\ 4B=2^{102}+2^{100}+...+2^4\\ 4B-B=\left(2^{102}+2^{100}+...+2^4\right)-\left(2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\right)\\ 3B=2^{102}-2^2\\ B=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^2}{3}\left(1\right)\)
\(C=2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2^1\\ 4C=2^{101}+2^{99}+...+2^3\\ 4C-C=\left(2^{101}+2^{99}+...+2^3\right)-\left(2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2\right)\\ 3C=2^{101}-2\\ C=\dfrac{2^{101}-2}{3}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^2}{3}-\dfrac{2^{101}-2}{3}\\ A=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^2-2^{101}+2}{3}\\ A=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^{101}+2}{3}\)
2A =2+\(\frac{3}{2^2}\)+\(\frac{4}{2^3}\)+\(\frac{5}{2^4}\)+.....+\(\frac{100}{2^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)A=2A-A=1+\(\frac{3}{4}\)\(\frac{1}{2^3}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^4}\)+.....+\(\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)-\(\frac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)2A=2+\(\frac{3}{2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^3}\)+....+\(\frac{1}{2^{98}}\)-\(\frac{100}{2^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)A=2A-A=1+\(\frac{3}{4}\)+\(\frac{1}{4}\)-\(\frac{101}{2^{99}}\)+\(\frac{100}{2^{100}}\)=2-\(\frac{51}{2^{99}}\)