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a: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^3-a^3-3bc\left(b+c\right)}{b+c-a}=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2+a\left(b+c\right)+a^2-\dfrac{3bc\left(b+c\right)}{b+c-a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2+a\left(b+c\right)-\dfrac{3bc\left(b+c\right)}{b+c-a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c-\dfrac{3bc}{b+c-a}+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)-3bc+a\left(b+c-a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+2bc+c^2-ab-ac-3bc+ab+ac-a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2-a^2-bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2=b^2+c^2-bc\)
\(cosA=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2\cdot b\cdot c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
nên góc A=30 độ
b: \(cosB=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}{2bac}\)
=>\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left[c-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[c+\left(a-b\right)\right]}{2abc}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\cdot\left[c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right]}{b}=a^2+c^2-b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2\left(a+b\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2b+c^2b-b^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac^2+bc^2-\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)=a^2b+c^2b-b^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac^2+bc^2-a^3+a^2b+ab^2-b^3=a^2b+c^2b-b^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac^2+bc^2-a^3+ab^2=c^2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac^2+bc^2-a^3-ab^2-c^2b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2\left(a+b\right)-a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-c^2b=0\)
=>c^2*a-a(a^2+b^2)=0
=>a(c^2-a^2-b^2)=0
=>c^2=a^2+b^2
=>góc A=90 độ
a/ Với mọi số thực ta luôn có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Lại có do a;b;c là ba cạnh của 1 tam giác nên theo BĐT tam giác ta có:
\(a+b>c\Rightarrow ac+bc>c^2\)
\(a+c>b\Rightarrow ab+bc>b^2\)
\(b+c>a\Rightarrow ab+ac>a^2\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)>a^2+b^2+c^2\)
b/
Do a;b;c là ba cạnh của tam giác nên các nhân tử vế phải đều dương
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b-c+b+c-a\right)^2=b^2\)
Tương tự: \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\le a^2\)
\(\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\le c^2\)
Nhân vế với vế:
\(a^2b^2c^2\ge\left(a+b-c\right)^2\left(b+c-a\right)^2\left(a+c-b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\)
d/ \(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3b+b^4-ab^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
e/ \(\Leftrightarrow a^6+b^6+a^5b+ab^5\ge a^6+b^5+a^4b^2+a^2b^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5b-a^4b^2+ab^5-a^2b^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4b\left(a-b\right)-ab^4\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
f/ \(\frac{a^6}{b^2}+a^2b^2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^8b^2}{b^2}}=2a^4\) ; \(\frac{b^6}{a^2}+a^2b^2\ge2b^4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}\ge2a^4+2b^4-2a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}\ge a^4+b^4+\left(a^4+b^4-2a^2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}\ge a^4+b^4+\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2\ge a^4+b^4\)
a/ \(VT=a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\)
\(VT=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
\(VT\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^6b^6c^6}=6\left|abc\right|\ge6abc\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4e^2\ge4ab+4ac+4ad+4ae\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d\right)^2+\left(a-2e\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{2}=b=c=d=e\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\frac{a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3ab^2}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b+b^3-ab^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Câu a)
Ta sử dụng 2 công thức:
\(\bullet \tan (180-\alpha)=-\tan \alpha\)
\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha.\tan \beta}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\text{VT}=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C=\tan A+\tan B+\tan (180-A-B)\)
\(=\tan A+\tan B-\tan (A+B)=\tan A+\tan B-\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\)
\(=(\tan A+\tan B)\left(1+\frac{1}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\right)=(\tan A+\tan B).\frac{-\tan A.\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\)
\(=-\tan A.\tan B.\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}=-\tan A.\tan B.\tan (A+B)\)
\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan (180-A-B)\)
\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan C=\text{VP}\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Tam giác $ABC$ có ba góc nhọn nên \(\tan A, \tan B, \tan C>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(P=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\tan A.\tan B.\tan C}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\tan A+\tan B+\tan C}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 3\sqrt[3]{P}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^3\geq 27P\Leftrightarrow P(P^2-27)\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2-27\geq 0\Rightarrow P\geq 3\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=3\sqrt{3}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^0\)
Câu b)
Ta sử dụng 2 công thức chính:
\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha.\tan \beta}\)
\(\bullet \tan (90-\alpha)=\frac{1}{\tan \alpha}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\text{VT}=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}.\tan \frac{C}{2}+\tan \frac{C}{2}.\tan \frac{A}{2}\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan \frac{C}{2}(\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2})\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan (90-\frac{A+B}{2})(\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2})\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{\tan (\frac{A+B}{2})}\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{1-\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}}}\)
\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+1-\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}=1=\text{VP}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Cũng giống phần a, ta biết do ABC là tam giác nhọn nên
\(\tan A, \tan B, \tan C>0\)
Đặt \(\tan A=x, \tan B=y, \tan C=z\). Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=1\)
Và \(T=x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow T^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cauchy:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow T^2\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow T\geq \sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow T_{\min}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow \angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^0\)
Ta có:\(\left(a^2+bc\right)\left(b+c\right)=b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+bc\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\)
Tương tự\(\Rightarrow\)VT=\(\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\)
Đặt \(x=a\left(b^2+c^2\right)\);\(y=b\left(a^2+c^2\right)\);\(z=c\left(b^2+a^2\right)\)
VT=\(\sqrt{\frac{x+y}{z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y+z}{x}}+\sqrt{\frac{x+z}{y}}\ge3\sqrt[6]{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}}\ge3\sqrt{2}\)(BĐT Cô-si)
Dấu''='' xra\(\Leftrightarrow\)a=b=c