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Bài 1 :
a) \(x^3-x^2-x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-2x^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x\right)+\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)(1)
Vì \(x^2+x+1=x^2+2.\frac{1}{2}.x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1\ge\frac{3}{4}\forall x\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow x-2=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy \(x=2\)
Bài 2:
\(2x^2+y^2-2xy+2y-6x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2-2x+2y+1+x^2-4x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(2x-2y\right)+1+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2-2\left(x-y\right)+1+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)(1)
Vì \(\left(x-y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\); \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-y-1\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-1=0\\x-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=x-1\\x=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(x=2\)và \(y=1\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x;y\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Vì x,y khác 0 nên cùng chia 2 vế của pt bđ cho xy ta được
\(\frac{\sqrt{2y-1}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{2x-1}}{x}=2\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2y-1}\le y\)(1)( \(y\ge\frac{1}{2}\))
Thật vậy \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2y-1\le y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2-2y+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng)
Nên (1) đúng \(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{2y-1}}{y}\le1\)
Tương tự \(\frac{\sqrt{2x-1}}{x}\le1\)
Do đó \(\frac{\sqrt{2y-1}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{2x-1}}{x}\le1+1=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = 1 (T/M)
Vậy x = y = 1
\(\left(1+x\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-x\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1+x\sqrt{x^2+1}}{\sqrt{x^2+1}+x}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow1+x\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{x^2+1}+x\)
\(\Rightarrow1+x\sqrt{x^2+1}-\sqrt{x^2+1}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\sqrt{x^2+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\sqrt{x^2+1}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\sqrt{x^2+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x^2+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,2y^2-x+2xy=y+4\\ \Leftrightarrow2y\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2y-1\right)\left(x+y\right)=4=4\cdot1=\left(-4\right)\left(-1\right)=\left(-2\right)\left(-2\right)=2\cdot2\)
Vì \(x,y\in Z\Leftrightarrow2y-1\) lẻ
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=1\\x+y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=-1\\x+y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left\{\left(3;1\right);\left(4;0\right)\right\}\)
a/ ta có:
\(x\sqrt{2y-1}+y\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{2xy-x}+\sqrt{y}.\sqrt{2xy-y}\)
\(\le\frac{x+2xy-x}{2}+\frac{y+2xy-y}{2}=2xy\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi ...
1. Ta có: \(x^2-2xy-x+y+3=0\)
<=> \(x^2-2xy-2.x.\frac{1}{2}+2.y.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+y^2-y^2-\frac{1}{4}+3=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-y^2=-\frac{11}{4}\)
<=> \(\left(x-2y-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)=-\frac{11}{4}\)
<=> \(\left(2x-4y-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=-11\)
Th1: \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-4y-1=11\\2x-1=-1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
Th2: \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-4y-1=-11\\2x-1=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
Th3: \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-4y-1=1\\2x-1=-11\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-5\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
Th4: \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-4y-1=-1\\2x-1=11\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=6\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
Kết luận:...
Điều kiện xác định : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge\frac{1}{2}\\y\ge1\\z\ge\frac{3}{4}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{2x-1}+2\sqrt{2y-2}+3\sqrt{4z-3}=x+y+2z+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x-1}+4\sqrt{2y-2}+6\sqrt{4z-3}=2x+2y+4z+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right)+\left(2y-2-4\sqrt{2y-2}+4\right)+\left(4z-3+6\sqrt{4z-3}+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2y-2}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4z-3}-3\right)^2=0\)
Mà ta luôn có \(\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2\ge0\), \(\left(\sqrt{2y-2}-2\right)^2\ge0\), \(\left(\sqrt{4z-3}-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2y-2}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4z-3}-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{2x-1}-1=0\\\sqrt{2y-2}-2=0\\\sqrt{4z-3}-3=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\\z=3\end{cases}}\) (TMDK)
Vậy (x;y;z) = (1;3;3)
\(ĐKXĐ:x;y\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Chia cả 2 vế của pt cho x ; y ta được
\(\frac{\sqrt{2y-1}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{2x-1}}{x}=2\)
Dễ dàng c/m được \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{2y-1}\le y\\\sqrt{2x-1}\le x\end{cases}\Rightarrow VT\le1+1=2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>. x= y = 1
Vậy x = y = 1
Rất easy! Dùng Cô si ngược đê!
ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Theo Cô si (ngược),ta có:
\(VT=x\sqrt{1\left(2y-1\right)}+y\sqrt{1\left(2x-1\right)}\)
\(VT\le x.\frac{2y-1+1}{2}+y.\frac{2x-1+1}{2}\)
\(=xy+yx=2xy=VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2x-1=2y-1=1\Leftrightarrow2x=2y=2\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)