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4. x + y = 1
⇒ x = y - 1
Thế : x = y - 1 vào bài toán , ta có :
G = 2( y - 1)2 + y2
G = 2y2 - 4y + 2 + y2
G = 3y2 - 4y + 2
G = 3( y2 - 2.\(\dfrac{2}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{4}{9}\)) + 2 - \(\dfrac{4}{3}\)
G = 3( y - \(\dfrac{2}{3}\))2 + \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) ∀x
⇒ GMIN = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) ⇔ y = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) ; x = 1 - \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Còn lại làm TT nhen...
Ta có: x +y = 1
=> x = 1 - y
Thay vào ta được:
\(G=2\left(1-y\right)^2+y^2=2\left(1-2y+y^2\right)+y^2=2-4y+2y^2+y^2=2-4y+3y^2\)
\(=3y^2-4y+2=3\left(y^2-\dfrac{4}{3}y+\dfrac{2}{3}\right)=3\left(y^2-2.y.\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{2}{9}\right)=3\left(y-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{2}{3}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=> MinA = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) khi y = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) và \(x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2.
A = xy + 2yz + 3xz = xy + xz + 2yz + 2xz = x(y + z) + 2z(y + z)
Áp dụng BĐT: (a+b)^2/4 ≥ ab dấu = khi a = b
Ta có:
(x + y + z)^2/4 ≥ x(y + z)
(x+ y +z)^2/4 ≥ z(y + z)
=> A ≤ 3(x + y + z)^2/4 = 3.36/4 = 27
=> A max = 27 xảy ra khi:
{x = y + z
{z = y + z
<=> y = 0 và x = z = 3
Bài 2: sửa đề: Tìm GTNN
a, \(A=x^2-6x+10=x^2-6x+9+1\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu " = " khi \(\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Vậy \(MIN_A=1\) khi x = 3
b, \(B=x^2+y^2-2x+4y+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu " = " khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y+2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(MIN_B=0\) khi x = 1 và y = -2
Bài 2:
a: Sửa đề: \(-x^2+4x-y^2-12y+47\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+y^2+12y-47\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4+y^2+12y+36-87\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y+6\right)^2+87< =87\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2 và y=-6
b: \(-x^2-x-y^2-3y+13\)
\(=-\left(x^2+x+y^2+3y-13\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}+y^2+3y+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{91}{5}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{91}{5}\le\dfrac{91}{5}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1/2 và y=-3/2
\(A=x^2+y^2+z^2-yz-4x-3y+2027\)
\(\Rightarrow4A=4x^2+4y^2+4z^2-4yz-16x-12y+8108\)
\(=\left(4x^2-16x+16\right)+\left(3y^2-12y+12\right)+\left(y^2-4yz+4z^2\right)+8080\)
\(=4.\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+3.\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+\left(y-2z\right)^2+8080\)
\(=4.\left(x-2\right)^2+3.\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(y-2z\right)^2+8080\)
Mà: \(\hept{\begin{cases}4.\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\\3.\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-2z\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4.\left(x-2\right)^2+3.\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(y-2z\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow4.\left(x-2\right)^2+3.\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(y-2z\right)^2+8080\ge8080\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge8080\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}4.\left(x-2\right)^2=0\\3.\left(y-2\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2z\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=2\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(A=2020\) khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=2\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
Ta có:
\(M=x^2-2x\left(y+1\right)+3y^2+2025\)
\(M=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+3y^2+2025-\left(y+1\right)^2\)
\(M=\left[x-\left(y+1\right)\right]^2+3y^2+2025-y^2-2y-1\)
\(M=\left(x-y-1\right)^2+2y^2-2y+2024\)
\(M=\left(x-y-1\right)^2+2\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{4047}{2}\)
Mà: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y-1\right)^2\ge0\\2\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(x-y-1\right)^2+2\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{4047}{2}\ge\dfrac{4047}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-1=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}+1\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy GTNN của M là ....