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\(2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{2y}\ge8\)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{xy}\le x+y\\\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{2y}\le2\sqrt{x+y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+2\sqrt{x+y}\ge8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x+y}+4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge4\)
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge x+y+\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(P\ge\frac{x+y}{4}+\frac{4}{x+y}+\frac{3\left(x+y\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4\left(x+y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)}}+\frac{3.4}{4}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\)
Ta có: \(x^2\left(y+z\right)\ge x^2.2\sqrt{yz}=2\sqrt{x^4}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}}=2x\sqrt{x}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số dương y,z và sử dụng giả thiết xyz = 1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(y^2\left(z+x\right)\ge2y\sqrt{y};z^2\left(x+y\right)\ge2z\sqrt{z}\)
Do đó \(P=\frac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}+\frac{y^2\left(z+x\right)}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{z^2\left(x+y\right)}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
\(\ge\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}+\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
Đặt \(a=x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}\), \(b=y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}\), \(c=z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}\)
Suy ra: \(x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9}\), \(y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9}\), \(z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\)
Do đó \(P\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}+\frac{4a+b-2c}{c}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2}{9}\left[4\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-6\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{2}{9}\left[4.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c}{b}.\frac{a}{c}.\frac{b}{a}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}-6\right]\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 số dương)
\(=\frac{2}{9}\left[4.3+3-6\right]=2\)
Vậy \(P\ge2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)( với x , y > 0 )
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right);\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\)
Suy ra :
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tường tự ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{2z}\right)\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1) , (2) và (3)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
GTNN
\(x^2+y^2=1=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\Rightarrow2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-1\)
\(x;\text{ }y\ge0\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2xy}\ge\sqrt{1+2xy}\ge1\)
\(A^2=2+2\left(x+y\right)+2\sqrt{\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+2y\right)}\)
\(=2+2\left(x+y\right)+2\sqrt{1+2\left(x+y\right)+4xy}\)
\(=2+2\left(x+y\right)+2\sqrt{1+2\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x+y\right)^2-2}\)
\(=2+2t+2\sqrt{2t^2+2t-1}\text{ }\left(t=x+y\ge1\right)\)
\(\ge2+2+2\sqrt{2.1^2+2.1-1}\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=1+\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x+y=1\Leftrightarrow xy=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right);\left(0;1\right)\)
GTLN
Với 2 số thực bất kì, ta luôn có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(A^2\le2\left(1+2x+1+2y\right)=4+4\left(x+y\right)\le4+4\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=4+4\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\sqrt{4+4\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi 2 biến bằng nhau.
\(ĐK:x,y,z>\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{3y}{2}+\frac{y+2x}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\frac{3y}{2}.\frac{y+2x}{2}=3y\left(2x+y\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{x+2y}{3xy}=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\); \(\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(VT\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Áp dụng công thức \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\left(x,y>0\right)\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{2z}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)(x+x+y+z)\geq (1+1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{16}{2x+y+z}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{16}{x+2y+z}\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\geq \frac{16}{x+y+2z}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được:
\(\Rightarrow 4\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\geq 16\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow 16\geq 16\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\leq 1\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{16}{16\left(x+x+y+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}=\dfrac{16}{16\left(x+y+y+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}=\dfrac{16}{16\left(x+y+z+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của BĐT ta được :
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh !