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Read the text and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. (10pts) Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animal. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive mega fossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eater. Moreover,the mega fossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multi-cellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms.
11. The word "drastic" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) widespread (B) radial (C) progressive (D) risky
12. According to the theory that the author calls "the traditional view", what was the first form of life to appear on land?
(A) Bacteria (B) Meat-eating animals
(C) Plant-eating animals (D) Vascular plants
13. According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?
(A) Many terrestrial life-forms died out.
(B) New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate.
(C) The mega fossils were destroyed by floods.
(D) Life began to develop in the ancient seas.
14. The word "extracted" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) located (B) preserved (C) removed (D) studied
15. What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in lines 17-20?
(A) They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life.
(B) They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils.
(C) They are older than the mega fossils.
(D) They consist of modern life forms.
16. The word "instances" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) methods (B) processes (C) cases (D) reasons
17. The word "they" in line 22 refers to
(A) rocks (B) shores (C) oceans (D) specimens
18. The word "entombed" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) crushed (B) trapped (C) produced (D) excavated
19. Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?
(A) The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised
(B) Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses.
(C) The origins of primitive sea life were explained.
(D) Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed.
20. With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?
(A) The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself.
(B) The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved.
(C) New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years.
(D) The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate determinations about ages of fossils.
#maymay#
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
29. Acupuncture originated in China and has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years.
A. began B. created
C. developed D. introduced
30. There is no evidence at this time that acupuncture can treat cancer itself.
A. clue B. data C. proof D. sign
31. Acupuncture can treat from simple to complicated ailments.
A. acupoints B. diseases
C. points D. treatments
32. Some people believe that acupuncture can be a cure of cancer.
A. allergy B. practice
C. therapy D. treatment
33. Acupuncture can ease nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
A. increase B. prevent
C. reduce D. spoil
34. Are there any alternatives that might provide better options for gay people?
A. choices B. decisions
C. judgements D. votes
35. The old blood cells are broken down by the spleen and eliminated from the body.
A. cut out B. exhaled
C. removed D. held
36. Humans will enjoy longer life expectancy when they are more conscious of what they eat and do.
A. aware of B. capable of
C. responsible for D. suitable for
37. Together, all of these treatments are supposed to cleanse your body and stimulate your immune system.
A. encourage B. generate
C. increase D. expand
38. The most common side effects with acupuncture are soreness, slight bleeding and discomfort.
A. direct B. indirect
C. original D. unwanted
39. Consuming nuts can boost your heart health and lifespan.
A. Eating B. Ingesting
C. Inhaling D. Swallowing
40. Doing exercise regularly helps prevent diseases like heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.
A. avoid B. cure
C. forbid D. reduce
41. Tomato juice contains a rich amount of fiber which helps in breaking down LDL or bad cholesterol in the body.
A. compounds B. comprises
C. produces D. Provides
42. The human body possesses an enormous, astonishing, and persistent capacity to heal itself.
A. cure B. generate C. Protect D. remove
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A. B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
43. The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
A. breathing out B. dismissing
C. exhaling D. inhaling
44. Turmeric can help in boosting immune system and fight off free radical attacks in the system.
A. destroying B. enhancing
C. weakening D. stopping
45. Although there are unanswered questions, acupuncture appears to work.
A. be incorrect B. be ineffective
C. be uncertain D. be unhelpful
46. Apart from being used as an ingredient in cooking, turmeric also promotes many health benefits.
A. contributes to B. discourages
C. stimulates D. weakens
47. Originally, there were 365 acupoints, but now this has increased to more than 2000 nowadays.
A. reduced B. stabled
C. transferred D. turned into
48. Acupuncture is considered to be very safe when enough precautions are taken.
A. comfortable B. dangerous
C. Sore D. unhealthy
49. Compound exercises can increase strength and size far effectively than isolation exercises.
A. Light B. Heavy
C. Mixed D. Single
50. Care is also needed so that inner body parts (lungs, heart liver, etc.) are not touched by the needles.
A. external B. foreign
C. superficial D. visible
good job! ⚡