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1. This plane could get over the mountain if it rose to 10000 feet . This means it ........... over the mountain
a: would succeed in getting b. got c. was able to get d. had got
2: The plane was then able to rise . This means it ........
a. could rise b. might rise c. might succeed in rising d. rose
3. Byrd knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole . It would be ...........
a. impossible b. necessary c. able d. possible
4. He ought not .... him but he did
a. to tell b. to telling c. tell d. to have told
5. I'd rather you .......... that
a.do b. don't do c. won't do d. didn't
6. ............... run so fast ? a. dose he need b. need he to c. need he d. needs he
7. He didn't need ........... out of his room in Moscow .
a. go b. to going c. going d. to go
8.I could not ... it even thought i had wanted to do so
a. had bought b. buy c. buying d. have bought
9. I left my pen this box , but it isn't there now . Someone ....... it
a. must have taken b. must take c. had to take d. had taken
10. Marry received 100 dolars from her sister . she.......... the ring she she wanted . It only cocts 10 dollars
a. buys b. had bought c. bought d. might have bought
11. It lost my honda last week . I hadn't locked it . You ....... it
a. should lock b. should have locked c. ought to lock d. could lock
12. In 1900 the word had no deaths from rabies . Scientists ........ wonderful vaccine .
a. has discovered b. discovered c. must have discovered d. should have discover
Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa ko đổi:
11,, As soon as the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
⇒⇒ No sooner had the teacher come in than they stopped talking
2,2, Spare the rod and spoil the child.
⇒⇒ If you do not punish a child when he does something wrong, he will not learn what is right
3,3, Promises should be kept.
⇒⇒ One should keep promises
4,4, Please come by seven o' clock.
⇒⇒ You are requested to come by seven o'clock
5,5, He should always obey his parents.
⇒⇒ Never should he disobey his parents
6,6, Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.
⇒⇒ It can't be denied that she has a beautiful voice
7,7, She liked Paris a little and Rome less.
⇒⇒ She thought Rome was even worse than Paris
8,8, After fighting the fire for 12 hours the firemen succeededin putting it out.
⇒⇒ The firemen managed to put the fire out after fighting the fire for 12 hours
9,9, If I had known all the facts, I would not have rung the police.
⇒⇒ As I didn’t know all the facts, I rang the police
10,10, We shall notify the police about this matter.
⇒⇒ The police shall be notified about this matter
11,11, Galileo is considered to be the father of modern asstronomy.
⇒⇒ Galileo is regarded as the father of modern asstronomy.
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning :
1/ Before she went to bed last night , she had done all her homework
→→ After HAVING DONE ALL HER HOMEWORK LAST NIGHT, SHE WENT TO BED.
2/ Minh went to bed , then he heard a strange noise
→→ Before HAVING GONE TO BED, MINH HEARD A STRANG NOISE.
3/ He spends 10 minutes walking to school every day
→→ It takes HIM 10 MINUTES TO WALK TO SCHOOL EVERYDAY.
4/ This is the first time she visited Hanoi
→→ She HASN'T VISITED HANOI BEFORE.
5/ It is 10 years since she met her classmates
→→ She HASN'T MET HER CLASSMATES FOR 10 YEARS.
6/ The last time we met him was 5 months ago
→→ We HAVEN'T MET HIM FOR 5 MONTHS.
7/ Jane never allowed her worries to interfere with her job
→→ Jane didn't let HER WORRIES INTERFERE WITH HER JOB.
8/ I cannot force you to do this if you don't want
→ → I can't make YOU DO THIS ID YOU DON'T WANT.
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. F
Rachel Carson, an ecologist, a biologist, and a writer, was born in 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania. As a small girl, she was an avid reader and soon showed a keen interest in the natural world and writing. 1 She had her first story about animals published in a magazine when she was in the fourth grade. She graduated from Pennsylvania College for Women (now Chatham University) in 1929, studied at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, and received her MA in zoology from Johns Hopkins University in 1932.
Initially, Rachel Carson worked for the US Bureau of Fisheries as a part-time science writer. 2 Part of her job was to interest the public in marine and freshwater biology via radio programmes. She then spent the next few years serving as a marine scientist and editor for the US Fish and Wildlife Service. There, she became famous for her writings on environmental pollution and the natural history of the sea, 3 She warned the public about its negative long-term effects. Climate change, rising sea-levels, melting Arctic glaciers, decreasing animal populations are part of her work. In her most influential book, Silent Spring (1962), Rachel Carson strongly disapproved of the widespread use of pesticides such as DDT. 4 Firstly, Silent Spring suggested a much-needed change in people's way of life and called for new policies to protect humans and the environment. She then was criticised by the chemical industry and some government officials, but never gave up. 5 The book eventually prompted a change in national policy, leading to the enactment of a national ban of pesticides on agricultural farming. Additionally, it helped spark the environmental movement, resulting in the establishment of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. That's why she was called the mother of modern ecology.
Rachel Carson died of breast cancer in 1964. However, her work continues to inspire new generations to protect all the living world.
Tạm dịch
Rachel Carson, nhà sinh thái học, nhà sinh vật học và nhà văn, sinh năm 1907 tại Springdale, Pennsylvania. Khi còn là một cô gái nhỏ, cô ấy là một người ham đọc sách và sớm thể hiện sự quan tâm sâu sắc đến thế giới tự nhiên và viết lách. Cô ấy có câu chuyện đầu tiên về động vật được đăng trên một tạp chí khi cô ấy học lớp bốn. Cô tốt nghiệp Đại học Phụ nữ Pennsylvania (nay là Đại học Chatham) vào năm 1929, học tại Phòng thí nghiệm Sinh học Biển Woods Hole và nhận bằng Thạc sĩ về động vật học tại Đại học Johns Hopkins vào năm 1932.
Ban đầu, Rachel Carson làm việc cho Cục Thủy sản Hoa Kỳ với tư cách là một nhà văn khoa học bán thời gian. Một phần công việc của cô là thu hút sự quan tâm của công chúng đến sinh vật biển và nước ngọt thông qua các chương trình phát thanh. Sau đó, cô đã dành vài năm tiếp theo với tư cách là nhà khoa học biển và biên tập viên cho Cơ quan Cá và Động vật hoang dã Hoa Kỳ. Ở đó, cô trở nên nổi tiếng với những bài viết về ô nhiễm môi trường và lịch sử tự nhiên của biển, Cô cảnh báo công chúng về những tác động tiêu cực lâu dài của nó. Biến đổi khí hậu, mực nước biển dâng cao, băng tan ở Bắc Cực, giảm quần thể động vật là một phần công việc của cô. Trong cuốn sách có ảnh hưởng nhất của mình, Silent Spring (1962), Rachel Carson cực lực phản đối việc sử dụng rộng rãi thuốc trừ sâu như DDT. Đầu tiên, Silent Spring đề xuất một sự thay đổi rất cần thiết trong cách sống của mọi người và kêu gọi các chính sách mới để bảo vệ con người và môi trường. Sau đó, cô bị chỉ trích bởi ngành công nghiệp hóa chất và một số quan chức chính phủ, nhưng không bao giờ bỏ cuộc. Cuốn sách cuối cùng đã thúc đẩy một sự thay đổi trong chính sách quốc gia, dẫn đến việc ban hành lệnh cấm toàn quốc về thuốc trừ sâu trong canh tác nông nghiệp. Ngoài ra, nó đã giúp châm ngòi cho phong trào môi trường, dẫn đến việc thành lập Cơ quan Bảo vệ Môi trường Hoa Kỳ. Đó là lý do tại sao cô được gọi là mẹ của hệ sinh thái hiện đại.
Rachel Carson qua đời vì bệnh ung thư vú vào năm 1964. Tuy nhiên, công việc của cô vẫn tiếp tục truyền cảm hứng cho các thế hệ mới bảo vệ tất cả thế giới sống.
1,Find one the word:
A.studying B.singing C.morning D.living
2,Complete the second sentence so it means as the one given:
1. She does not have a television inher bedroom.
→→There ISN'T ANY TELEVISION IN HER BEDROOM.
2.I am not glad because my student cheat at their exam.
→→My students shouldN'T BE CHECKED AT THEIR EXAM.
3,Choose A , B , C or D to complete the sentence:
'' HOW ARE THEY GOING TO WORK NEXT MONTH ''
A.for a week B.very late C.by motorbike D.usually
4, Find the word which has different sound in the underlined part:
A.grEAT B.brEAd C. ahEAd D .brEAkfast
1. I could hold a big party due to my Mom's help.
=> Had it not been for my Mom's help, I couldn't have held a big party
2. What you do with the money is of no interest to me.
=> I don't care what you will do with money
3. I feel uncomfortable to be in a room where everybody is shouting.
=>I can't stand being in a room where everyboby is shouting
4. The Picasso painting was so expensive that nobody could buy it.
=> So expensive was the Picasso painting that nobody could buy it.
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that
A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.
2. Letter writers in the 1830s
A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.
3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?
A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.
The Penny Black
It might not have looked very impressive, but the Penny Black, now 170 years old, was the first stamp to be created and it launched the modem postal system in Britain.
Before 1840 and the arrival of the Penny Black, you had to be rich and patient to use the Royal Mail. Delivery was charged according to the miles travelled and the number of sheets of paper used; a 2-page letter sent from Edinburgh to London, for example, would have cost 2 shillings, or more than £7 in today’s money. And when the top-hatted letter carrier came to deliver it, it was the recipient who had to pay for the postage. Letter writers employed various ruses to reduce the cost, doing everything possible to cram more words onto a page. Nobody bothered with heavy envelopes; instead, letters would be folded and sealed with wax. You then had to find a post office - there were no pillar boxes - and hope your addressee didn't live in one of the several rural areas which were not served by the system. If you were lucky, your letter would arrive (it could take days) without being read or censored.
The state of mail had been causing concern throughout the 1830s, but it was Rowland Hill, an inventor, teacher and social reformer from Kidderminster, who proposed a workable plan for change. Worried that a dysfunctional, costly service would stifle communication just as Britain was in the swing of its second industrial revolution, he believed reform would ease the distribution of ideas and stimulate trade and business, delivering the same promise as the new railways.
Hill’s proposal for the penny post, which meant any letter weighing less than half an ounce (14 grams) could be sent anywhere in Britain for about 30p in today’s money, was so radical that the Postmaster General, Lord Lichfield, said, 'Of all the wild and visionary schemes which I ever heard of, it is the most extravagant.’ Lord Lichfield spoke for an establishment not convinced of the need for poor people to post anything. But merchants and reformers backed Hill. Soon the government told him to make his scheme work. And that meant inventing a new type of currency.
Hill quickly settled on 'a bit of paper covered at the back with a glutinous wash which the user might, by applying a little moisture, attach to the back of a letter’. Stamps would be printed in sheets of 240 that could be cut using scissors or a knife. Perforations would not arrive until 1854. The idea stuck, and in August 1839 the Treasury launched a design competition open to ‘all artists, men of science and the public in general’. The new stamp would need to be resistant to forgery, and so it was a submission by one Mr Cheverton that Hill used as the basis for one of the most striking designs in history. Cheverton, who worked as a sculptor and an engineer, determined that a portrait of Queen Victoria, engraved for a commemorative coin when she was a 15-year-old princess, was detailed enough to make copying difficult, and recognisable enough to make fakes easy to spot. The words ‘Postage’ and ‘One Penny’ were added alongside flourishes and ornamental stars. Nobody thought to add the word ‘Britain’, as it was assumed that the stamps would solely be put to domestic use.
With the introduction of the new postal system, the Penny Black was an instant hit, and printers struggled to meet demand. By the end of 1840, more than 160 million letters had been sent - more than double the previous year. It created more work for the post office, whose reform continued with the introduction of red letter boxes, new branches and more frequent deliveries, even to the remotest address, but its lasting impact on society was more remarkable.
Hill and his supporters rightly predicted that cheaper post would improve the ‘diffusion of knowledge’. Suddenly, someone in Scotland could be reached by someone in London within a day or two. And as literacy improved, sections of society that had been disenfranchised found a voice.
Tristram Hunt, an historian, values the ‘flourishing of correspondence’ that followed the arrival of stamps. ‘While I was writing my biography of Friedrich Engels I could read the letters he and Marx sent between Manchester and London,’ he says. ‘They wrote to each other three times a day, pinging ideas back and forth so that you can almost follow a real-time correspondence.’
The penny post also changed the nature of the letter. Weight-saving tricks such as cross-writing began to die out, while the arrival of envelopes built confidence among correspondents that mail would not be stolen or read. And so people wrote more private things - politically or commercially sensitive information or love letters. ‘In the early days of the penny post, there was still concern about theft,’ Hunt says. ‘Engels would still send Marx money by ripping up five-pound notes and sending the pieces in different letters.’ But the probity of the postal system became a great thing and it came to be expected that your mail would not be tampered with.
For all its brilliance, the Penny Black was technically a failure. At first, post offices used red ink to cancel stamps so that they could not be used again. But the ink could be removed. When in 1842, it was determined that black ink would be more robust, the colour of the Penny Black became a sort of browny red, but Hill’s brainchild had made its mark.
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that
A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.
2. Letter writers in the 1830s
A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.
3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?
A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.
1. I was totally tired and worn out after the football match on Saturday. (....exhausted: kiệt sức... )
2. Last week I was asked if I would like to go to a dancing hall. (.......invited: được mời...... )
3. After thinking about it for a long time, I finally made up my mind to take the job. (....decided: lựa chọn... )
4. Many people told beforehand that John F. Kennedy would be assassinated. (....foretelled: được nói trước..... )
5. Two cars drove into one another at a crossroad this morning in the village of Minfield, but fortunately no one was hurt. (.........crashed into: đụng xe........... )
6. The student said he was very sorry for his bad behaviour. (.....apologized..... )
7. He was very sorry for the way he had behaved. (....regreted: hối lỗi.... )
8. I regret to inform you that you have not managed to pass the driving test. (...failed: rớt... )
9. “I’m frightened”, she said in a very quiet voice. (...whispered: thì thầm cô ấy nói nhỏ =))... )
10. I want you to come here without any delay. (...immediately: ngay lập tức.... )