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GV
Giáo viên Toán
Giáo viên
4 tháng 5 2017
a) \(\sin^4x=\left(\sin^2x\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{1-\cos2x}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2\cos2x+\cos^22x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2.\cos2x+\dfrac{1+\cos4x}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cos2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\cos4x\)
Vậy:
\(\int\sin^4x\text{dx}=\int\left(\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cos2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\cos4x\right)\text{dx}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}x-\dfrac{1}{4}\sin2x+\dfrac{1}{32}\sin4x+C\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
15 tháng 2 2019
\(I=\int\dfrac{x^3dx}{\left(x^8-4\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(x^4=t\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}dt\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t^2-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)^2dt=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x^4-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-\sqrt{2}}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
2/ \(I=\int\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)dx}{\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+3}\right)\left(2x+1\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+3}\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x-1\right)}{x^2+x-1}-\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x^2+x+3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2+x-1}{x^2+x+3}\right|+C\)
3/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^3\Rightarrow dx=3t^2dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{3t^2.sint.dt}{t^2}=3\int sint.dt=-3cost+C=-3cos\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)+C\)
4/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+cos^2x}=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx}{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}+1}\)
Đặt \(t=tanx\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}dt=\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx\\\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}=1+tan^2x=1+t^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{1+t^2+1}=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{2}.arctan\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{tanx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)
5/ \(I=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4+2sinx.cosx-sin^2x-cos^2x}dx=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4-\left(sinx-cosx\right)^2}dx\)
Đặt \(sinx-cosx=t\Rightarrow\left(cosx+sinx\right)dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{4-t^2}=-\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t+2}-\dfrac{1}{t-2}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{t+2}{t-2}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{sinx-cosx+2}{sinx-cosx-2}\right|+C\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
15 tháng 2 2019
Ơ bài 1 nhầm số 4 thành số 2 rồi, bạn sửa lại 1 chút nhé :D
Còn 1 cách làm khác nữa là lượng giác hóa
Đặt \(x^4=2sint\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{2}cost.dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{\left(4sin^2t-4\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^4t}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{cost}\\dv=\dfrac{dt}{cos^2t}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{sint.dt}{cos^2t}\\v=tant\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{tant}{cost}-\int\dfrac{tant.sint.dt}{cos^2t}=\dfrac{sint}{cos^2t}-\int\dfrac{sin^2t.dt}{cos^3t}\)
\(=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{1-cos^2t}{cos^3t}dt=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}+\int\dfrac{1}{cosx}dx\)
Chú ý rằng \(\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}=32I\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-32I+\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^2t}\)
\(\Rightarrow64I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{d\left(sint\right)}{sin^2t-1}=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{sint-1}{sint+1}\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2x^4}{4-x^8}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-2}{x^4+2}\right|\right)+C\)
H
1
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
16 tháng 2 2019
\(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+\sqrt{x}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^2\Rightarrow dx=2t.dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{2t.dt}{1+t}=\int\left(2-\dfrac{2}{1+t}\right)dt=2t-2ln\left|1+t\right|+C\)
\(=2\sqrt{x}-2ln\left|1+\sqrt{x}\right|+C\)
2/
\(I=\int\dfrac{sinx.cos^3xdx}{1+sin^2x}=\int\dfrac{cos^3x.sinxdx}{2-cos^2x}\)
Đặt \(cosx=t\Rightarrow sinxdx=-dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{t^3dt}{t^2-2}=\int\left(t+\dfrac{2t}{t^2-2}\right)dt=\int t.dt+\int\dfrac{2t.dt}{t^2-2}\)
\(=\int t.dt+\int\dfrac{d\left(t^2-2\right)}{t^2-2}=\dfrac{t^2}{2}+ln\left|t^2-2\right|+C\)
\(=\dfrac{cos^2x}{2}+ln\left|cos^2x-2\right|+C\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
28 tháng 2 2019
1/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+x+1}=ln\left|x^2+x+1\right||^1_0=ln3\)
2/ \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{5x}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}dx=-\dfrac{5}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{d\left(1-x^2\right)}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(1-x^2\right)^2}|^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0=\dfrac{35}{36}\)
3/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)^3}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x+1=t\Rightarrow x=t-1\Rightarrow dx=dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=1\\x=1\Rightarrow t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2\left(t-1\right)dt}{t^3}=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{2}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t^3}\right)dt=\left(\dfrac{-2}{t}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}\right)|^2_1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
4/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}dx\)
Kĩ thuật chung là tách và sử dụng hệ số bất định như sau:
\(\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{ax+b}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{x+2}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)x^2+\left(2a+b\right)x+2b+c}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=0\\2a+b=4\\2b+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=0\\a=-c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+1}-2\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=ln\dfrac{8}{9}\)
5/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^6-9}\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x^3=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\Rightarrow x^2dx=\dfrac{1}{3}dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2-9}=\dfrac{1}{18}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{t-3}-\dfrac{1}{t+3}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{18}ln\left|\dfrac{t-3}{t+3}\right||^1_0=-\dfrac{1}{18}ln2\)
6/ Tương tự câu 4, sử dụng hệ số bất định ta tách được:
\(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2x-1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3x-1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=\left(3ln\left|\dfrac{x}{x+1}\right|+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=3ln\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
25 tháng 12 2016
1) Đặt \(t=1+\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=\left(t-1\right)^2+1\forall t\ge1\Rightarrow dx=d\left(t-1\right)^2=2dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\int\frac{\left(t-1\right)^2+1}{t}\cdot2dt=2\int\frac{t^2-2t+2}{t}dt=2\int\left(t-2+\frac{2}{t}\right)dt\\ =t^2-4t+4lnt+C\)
Thay x vào ta có...
25 tháng 12 2016
2) \(I_2=\int\frac{2sinx\cdot cosx}{cos^3x-\left(1-cos^2x\right)-1}dx=\int\frac{-2cosx\cdot d\left(cosx\right)}{cos^3x+cos^2x-2}=\int\frac{-2t\cdot dt}{t^3+t-2}\)
\(I_2=\int\frac{-2t}{\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}dt=-\frac{2}{5}\int\frac{dt}{t-1}+\frac{1}{5}\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt-\frac{6}{5}\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}\)
Ta có:
\(\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt=\int\frac{d\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}{t^2+2t+2}=ln\left(t^2+2t+2\right)+C\)
\(\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}=\int\frac{\frac{1}{cos^2m}}{tan^2m+1}dm=\int dm=m+C=arctan\left(t+1\right)+C\)
Thay x vào, ta có....
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
24 tháng 2 2019
\(I=\int\dfrac{x}{1-cos2x}dx=\int\dfrac{x}{2sin^2x}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{x}{2}\\dv=\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{2}\\v=-cotx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\int cotxdx=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cosx.dx}{sinx}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{d\left(sinx\right)}{sinx}=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|sinx\right|+C\)
2/ Câu 2 bữa trước làm rồi, bạn coi lại nhé
3/ \(I=\int\left(2x+1\right)ln^2xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=ln^2x\\dv=\left(2x+1\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{2lnx}{x}dx\\v=x^2+x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln^2x-\int\left(2x+2\right)lnxdx=\left(x^2+x\right)ln^2x-I_1\)
\(I_1=\int\left(2x+2\right)lnx.dx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\left(2x+2\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=x^2+2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\left(x^2+2x\right)lnx-\int\left(x+2\right)dx=\left(x^2+2x\right)ln-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+2x+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln^2x-\left(x^2+2x\right)lnx+\dfrac{x^2}{2}-2x+C\)
4/ \(I=\int\left(2x-1\right)cosx.dx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x-1\\dv=cosx.dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=sinx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(2x-1\right)sinx-2\int sinx.dx=\left(2x-1\right)sinx+2cosx+C\)
5/ \(I=\int\left(x^2+x+1\right)e^xdx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x^2+x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\left(2x+1\right)dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x+1\right)e^x-\int\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\)
\(I_1=\int\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\left(2x+1\right)e^x-2\int e^xdx=\left(2x+1\right)e^x-2e^x+C=\left(2x-1\right)e^x+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x+1\right)e^x-\left(2x-1\right)e^x+C=\left(x^2-x+2\right)e^x+C\)
6/ \(I=\int\left(2x+1\right).ln\left(x+2\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=ln\left(x+2\right)\\dv=\left(2x+1\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x+2}\\v=x^2+x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln\left(x+2\right)-\int\dfrac{x^2+x}{x+2}dx\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)ln\left(x+2\right)-\int\left(x-1+\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx\)
\(I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln\left(x+2\right)-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+x-2ln\left|x+2\right|+C\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
24 tháng 2 2019
Nhớ quy tắc ưu tiên khi tính nguyên hàm từng phần:
- Đặt u sẽ ưu tiên các hàm ln, log đầu tiên (luôn luôn đặt các hàm này là u nếu có mặt), sau đó đến các hàm đa thức P(x), sau đó là lượng giác hoặc e^
- Đặt dv thì theo thứ tự ngược lại, ưu tiên đặt lượng giác (sin, cos) và e^
Lời giải:
\(\int \frac{4x^2+3x+1}{1-2x}dx=-\int \frac{4x^2+3x+1}{2x-1}dx=-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{8x^2+6x+2}{2x-1}dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{4x(2x-1)+5(2x-1)+7}{2x-1}dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\int (4x+5+\frac{7}{2x-1})dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\int (4x+5)dx-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{7}{2x-1}dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}\int (4x+5)dx-\frac{7}{4}\int \frac{d(2x-1)}{2x-1}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}(2x^2+5x)-\frac{7}{4}\ln |2x-1|+c\)