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a)
Gọi $n_{CO_2} = a(mol)$
$Ba(OH)_2 + CO_2 \to BaCO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{BaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = a(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 197a - 44a = 1,53 \Rightarrow a = 0,01(mol)$
Suy ra :
$V = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224(lít)$
$m_{BaCO_3} = 0,01.197 = 1,97(gam)$
b)
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = n_{CO_2} = 0,01(mol)$
$m_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,01.171 = 1,71(gam)$
Bài 32:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1}=1,5\) → Pư tạo 2 muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,15\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,05.100=5\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,15.44 = 6,6 (g) > mCaCO3 → m dd tăng.
Bài 33:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6.0,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=1,33\) → Pư tạo muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,4\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,4.44 = 17,6 (g) < mCaCO3 → m dd giảm.
mBa(OH)2 = mdd Ba(OH)2. C% :100% = 200.17,1%:100% = 34,2 (g)
=> nBa(OH)2 = 34,2:171 = 0,2 (mol)
m(NH4)2SO4 = mdd (NH4)2SO4.C%:100% = 500.1,32:100% = 6,6 (g)
=> n(NH4)2SO4 = 6,6: 132= 0,05 (mol)
mCuSO4 = mdd CuSO4. C%:100% = 500.2%:100% = 10 (g)
=> nCuSO4 = 10: 160= 0,0625 (mol)
PTHH: Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 ---> BaSO4↓+ 2NH3↑+ 2H2O (1)
0,05 <----- 0,05 -----------> 0,05 ---> 0,1 (mol)
Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 ---> BaSO4↓ + Cu(OH)2↓ (2)
0,0625 <-- 0,0625 ----> 0,0625 ---> 0,0625 (mol)
a) Khí A thoát ra là NH3
Theo PTHH (1): nNH3 = 2n(NH4)2SO4 = 2.0,05 = 0,1 (mol)
=> VNH3(đktc) = nNH3.22,4 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(l)
b) Kết tủa B thu được gồm BaSO4 và Cu(OH)2
Theo PTHH (1) và (2):∑nBaSO4(1) +(2) = 0,05 + 0,0625 = 0,1125 (mol)
=> mBaSO4 = nBaSO4.MBaSO4 = 0,1125.233 =26,2125 (g)
Theo PTHH (2): nCu(OH)2 = nCuSO4 = 0,0625 (mol)
=> mCu(OH)2 = nCu(OH)2.MCu(OH)2 = 0,0625.98 = 6,125 (g)
=> Tổng m kết tủa = mBaSO4+ mCu(OH)2 = 26,2125 + 6,125 = 32,3375 (g)
c) Sau pư dd Ba(OH)2dư
nBa(OH)2 dư = nBa(OH)2 bđ - nBa(OH)2 (1) - nBa(OH)2 (2) = 0,2 - 0,05 - 0,0625 = 0,0875 (mol)
=> mBa(OH)2 dư = 0,0875.171=14,9625 (g)
m dd sau = mdd Ba(OH)2 + mdd hh - mNH3 - mkết tủa
= 200 + 500 - 0,1.17 - 32,3375
= 665,9625 (g)
C% Ba(OH)2 = (mBa(OH)2: mdd sau).100% = (14,9625:665,9625).100% = 2,25%
a)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO_3}=1.0,3=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + HCl --> NaCl + NaHCO3
0,45-->0,45-------------->0,45
NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O
0,15<----0,15---------->0,15
=> VCO2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
b)
nNaHCO3 = 0,6 (mol)
Bảo toàn C: nBaCO3 = 0,6 (mol)
=> mBaCO3 = 0,6.197 = 118,2 (g)
Câu 2
a)
\(m_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=10-6=4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(bd\right)}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + H2O
0,05--->0,05------->0,05
=> nH2SO4(pư) < nH2SO4(bd)
=> CuO tan hết
=> mCuO = 4 (g)
\(\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{10}.100\%=40\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-40\%=60\%\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CuSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25M\\C_{M\left(H_2SO_4.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dung dịch A chứa CO32- (x mol) và HCO3- (y mol)
CO32- + H+ —> HCO3-
x…………x………….x
HCO3- + H+ —> CO2 + H2O
x+y…….0,15-x
Dung dịch B tạo kết tủa với Ba(OH)2 nên HCO3- dư, vậy nCO2 = 0,15 – x = 0,045 —> x = 0,105
HCO3- + OH- + Ba2+ —> BaCO3 + H2O
—> nBaCO3 = (x + y) – (0,15 – x) = 0,15 —> y = 0,09
—> a = 20,13 gam
a) \(PT:CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaOH+H_2O\)
b) \(m_{HCl}=\frac{200.10,95\%}{100\%}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
c) \(n_{NaOH}=2.0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pưNaOH\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pưCaCO_3\right)}=0,6-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
d) \(n_{CaCO_3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl\left(pưCaCO_3\right)}=0,5.\frac{1}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\)
e) \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
f) \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddA}=25+200-0,25.44=214\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\frac{0,25.111}{214}.100\%=12,97\%\)
\(C\%_{ddHCldư}=\frac{0,1.36,5}{214}.100\%=1,71\%\)
nH2O=0.2
nCuO=x,nAl2O3=y,nFeO=z
80x + 102y + 72z = 17.86
x + z =0.2
135x + 267y + 127z = 33.81
=> y=0.03 => mAl2O3=3.06g =>D
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