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a)
Đặt
\(\sqrt{1+x}=a; \sqrt{1-x}=b\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ab=\sqrt{(1+x)(1-x)}=\sqrt{1-x^2}\\ a\geq b\\ a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{1-\sqrt{1-x^2}}(\sqrt{(1+x)^3}+\sqrt{(1-x)^3})}{2-\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}-ab}(a^3+b^3)}{a^2+b^2-ab}=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{2}}(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)}{a^2+b^2-ab}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{2}}(a+b)=\sqrt{\frac{(a-b)^2}{2}}(a+b)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|a-b|(a+b)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(a-b)(a+b)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(a^2-b^2)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}[(1+x)-(1-x)]=\sqrt{2}x\)
Sửa đề: \(\frac{25}{(x+z)^2}=\frac{16}{(z-y)(2x+y+z)}\)
Ta có:
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau thì:
\(k=\frac{a}{x+y}=\frac{5}{x+z}=\frac{a+5}{2x+y+z}=\frac{5-a}{z-y}\) ($k$ là một số biểu thị giá trị chung)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{16}{(z-y)(2x+y+z)}=\frac{25}{(x+z)^2}=(\frac{5}{x+z})^2=k^2\)
Mà: \(k^2=\frac{a+5}{2x+y+z}.\frac{5-a}{z-y}=\frac{25-a^2}{(2x+y+z)(z-y)}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{16}{(z-y)(2x+y+z)}=\frac{25-a^2}{(2x+y+z)(z-y)}\Rightarrow 16=25-a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=9\Rightarrow a=\pm 3\)
Suy ra:
\(Q=\frac{a^6-2a^5+a-2}{a^5+1}=\frac{a^5(a-2)+(a-2)}{a^5+1}=\frac{(a-2)(a^5+1)}{a^5+1}=a-2=\left[\begin{matrix}
1\\
-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(M=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(z-3\right)}}{\sqrt{3}}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\) (ĐPCM)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z > 0
Sửa lại đề: cho x, y, z dương thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}=1\)
Chứng minh \(A=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{xz\left(1+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Giải:
Đặt \(a=\dfrac{1}{x};b=\dfrac{1}{y};c=\dfrac{1}{z}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{bc}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ac}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ab}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{b^2+1}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đề bài này có rất nhiều vấn đề, đầu tiên không có điều kiện x, y, z gì cả? Dương? Â? Bằng 0? Khác 0?
Sau nữa là chiều của BĐT cũng có vấn đề nốt, mình thử với \(x=y=2;z=\dfrac{4}{3}\) thì vế trái ra \(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{30}}{5}\) mà theo casio cho biết thì số này nhỏ hơn \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) , vậy BĐT cũng sai luôn
Ta có :
\(M=\frac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2\sqrt{x-1}}{2x}+\frac{2\sqrt{y-2}.\sqrt{2}}{2y.\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2\sqrt{z-3}.\sqrt{3}}{2z.\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{x-1+1}{2x}+\frac{y-2+2}{2y.\sqrt{2}}+\frac{z-3+3}{2z.\sqrt{3}}\)( Áp dụng BĐT \(2xy\le x^2+y^2\))
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{x}{2x}+\frac{y}{2y.\sqrt{2}}+\frac{z}{2z.\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2.\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2.\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(=>P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\sqrt{3}\)
CHÚC BẠN HỌC TỐT..........
\(\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x-19}}+\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{y-5}}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-91}}=24-\sqrt{x-19}-\sqrt{y-5}-\sqrt{z-91}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x-19}}+\sqrt{x-19}\right)+\left(\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{y-5}}+\sqrt{y-5}\right)+\left(\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-91}}+\sqrt{z-91}\right)=24\)
Áp dụng BDT: Cô-si:
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x-19}}+\sqrt{x-19}\right)+\left(\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{y-5}}+\sqrt{y-5}\right)+\left(\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-91}}+\sqrt{z-91}\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x-19}}\cdot\sqrt{x-19}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{y-5}}\cdot\sqrt{y-5}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-91}}\cdot\sqrt{z-91}}\\ =2\cdot3+2\cdot4+2\cdot5=24\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x-19}}=\sqrt{x-19}\\\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{y-5}}=\sqrt{y-5}\\\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-91}}=\sqrt{z-91}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-19=9\\y-5=16\\z-91=25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=28\\y=21\\z=116\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy các số \(\left\{x;y;z\right\}=\left\{28;21;116\right\}\)