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Ta có các số trong dãy đều có dạng 1/[ (n + 1)√n ]
Ta có: 1/[ (n + 1)√n ] = (√n)/[ (n + 1)√n.√n ] = (√n)/[ (n + 1)n ] = (√n).1/[ (n + 1)n ]
Do 1/[ (n + 1)n ] = 1/n - 1/(n + 1) (mình nghĩ bạn biết cái này)
=> (√n).1/[ (n + 1)n ] = (√n).[ 1/n - 1/(n + 1) ]
Ta có 1/n - 1/(n + 1) = (1/√n)² - [ 1/√(n + 1) ]²
= [ 1/√n + 1/√(n + 1) ]. [ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ]
=> 1/n - 1/(n + 1) = [ 1/√n + 1/√(n + 1) ]. [ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ]
=> (√n).[ 1/n - 1/(n + 1) ] = (√n).[ 1/√n + 1/√(n + 1) ]. [ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ]
Nhân √n với [ 1/√n + 1/√(n + 1) ] ta được
(√n).[ 1/√n + 1/√(n + 1) ]. [ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ] = [ 1 + (√n)/√(n + 1) ].[ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ]
=> 1/[ (n + 1)√n ] = [ 1 + (√n)/√(n + 1) ].[ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ] (1)
Do (√n)/√(n + 1) < √(n + 1)/√(n + 1)
=> (√n)/√(n + 1) < 1
=> 1 + (√n)/√(n + 1) < 1 + 1
=> 1 + (√n)/√(n + 1) < 2
=> [ 1 + (√n)/√(n + 1) ].[ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ] < 2.[ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ] (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => 1/[ (n + 1)√n ] < 2.[ 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) ]
Áp dụng ta được
1/2 < 2( 1 - 1/√2)
1/3√2 < 2(1/√2 - 1/√3)
....
1/(n+1)√n < 2(1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) )
=> 1/2 + 1/3√2 + 1/4√3 +.....+ 1/(n+1)√n < 2( 1 - 1/√2) + 2(1/√2 - 1/√3) + ... + 2(1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) )
=> 1/2 + 1/3√2 + 1/4√3 +.....+ 1/(n+1)√n < 2( 1 - 1/√2 + 1/√2 - 1/√3 + ... + 1/√n - 1/√(n + 1) )
=> 1/2 + 1/3√2 + 1/4√3 +.....+ 1/(n+1)√n < 2(1 - 1/√(n + 1) ) (3)
Do 1√(n + 1) > 0
=> -1√(n + 1) < 0
=> 1 -1√(n + 1) < 1
=> 2(1 - 1/√(n + 1) ) < 2 (4)
Từ (3) và (4) => 1/2 + 1/3√2 + 1/4√3 +.....+ 1/(n+1)√n < 2
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) . Do \(\sqrt{n+1}>\dfrac{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}.\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009\sqrt{2008}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2008}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT< 2\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}\right)< 2-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2009}}< 2\) (đpcm)
\(A=-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+....-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\)
\(A=\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{1}=3-1=2\)
\(=\dfrac{5-3\sqrt{5}+10+6\sqrt{5}}{\left(\sqrt{5}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+3\right)}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{10}+2}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}\\ =\dfrac{15+3\sqrt{5}}{5-9}-\left(2\sqrt{10}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\\ =-2\sqrt{30}-4\sqrt{5}-2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}-\dfrac{15+3\sqrt{5}}{4}\\ =\dfrac{-8\sqrt{30}-16\sqrt{5}-8\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}-15-3\sqrt{5}}{4}\\ =\dfrac{-8\sqrt{30}-19\sqrt{5}-8\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}-15}{4}\)
bạn nên tự nghiên cứu rồi giải đi chứ bạn đưa 1 loạt thế thì ai rảnh mà giải, với lại cứ bài gì không biết chưa chịu suy nghĩ đã hỏi rồi thì tiến bộ sao được, đúng không
a) \(5\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}+\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}+\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{5}}=\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}{\sqrt{5}}=\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}-1=-1+3\sqrt{5}\)
b) \(\sqrt{7-4\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+1+\sqrt{3}=2-\sqrt{3}+1+\sqrt{3}=3\)
a: \(5\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}+\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}+\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}-1\)
\(=3\sqrt{5}-1\)
b: \(\sqrt{7-4\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}\)
\(=2-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}+1\)
=3
\(1.\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}\right)}\\ =-\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-...-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}\\ =-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\right)\\ =-\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\\ \\ =\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{1}=2\)
\(2.\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}k}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(k+1-k\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}\\ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\\ \Rightarrow\text{ }\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{7\sqrt{6}+6\sqrt{7}}\\ =\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\\ =\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\\ \text{ }1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\)
1.\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{7}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{2}}{1-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-\dfrac{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}{4-5}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}}{5-6}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{7}}{6-7}+\dfrac{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{8}}{7-8}-\dfrac{\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}}{8-9}=-1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}=\sqrt{9}-1=3-1=2\)
\(P=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+7}{4-x}\left(x>0;x\ne4\right)\\ P=\dfrac{\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+2\sqrt{x}+7}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}}\\ P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+6-x-x-3\sqrt{x}-2+2\sqrt{x}+7}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}}\\ P=\dfrac{-2x+11}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}}\\ P=\dfrac{-2x\sqrt{x}+11\sqrt{x}+\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(x-4\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-4\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-2x\sqrt{x}+11\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}+2x-8}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-4\right)}\\ P=\dfrac{-x\sqrt{x}+8\sqrt{x}+2x-8}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-4\right)}\)
\(A=3\sqrt{2}+5\sqrt{8}-2\sqrt{50}\)
\(=3\sqrt{2}+10\sqrt{2}-10\sqrt{2}\)
\(=3\sqrt{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+1:\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+7}{x-4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+1:\left(\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}-x+\sqrt{x}+2-2\sqrt{x}-7}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-5}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x+8\sqrt{x}-15+\left(x-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x+8\sqrt{x}-15+x\sqrt{x}-2x-4\sqrt{x}+8}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-3x+4\sqrt{x}-7}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}\)
\(ĐK:x\ge0;x\ne4\\ P=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+1:\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}-x+\sqrt{x}+2-2\sqrt{x}-7}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\\ P=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-5}\\ P=\dfrac{\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)+\left(x-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}\\ P=\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}-15-x+x\sqrt{x}-2x-4\sqrt{x}+8}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}\\ P=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-3x+4\sqrt{x}-7}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2009}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{4-3}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2009}-\sqrt{2008}}{2009-2008}=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2009}-\sqrt{2008}=\sqrt{2009}-\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2009}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2008}-\sqrt{2009}}{\left(\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2009}\right)\left(\sqrt{2008}-\sqrt{2009}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}{3-4}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2008}-\sqrt{2009}}{2008-2009}\)
\(=-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}-...-\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2009}\)
\(=-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2009}\)