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1.
a) \(\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{6-4\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2-2\sqrt{2}+1}+\sqrt{4-2.2.\sqrt{2}+2}+\sqrt{8-2.2\sqrt{2}.1+1}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}+\sqrt{2^2-2.2.\sqrt{2}+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.2\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|+\left|2-\sqrt{2}\right|+\left|2\sqrt{2}-1\right|=\sqrt{2}-1+2-\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}-1=2\sqrt{2}\)
b) \(\sqrt{\left(4+\sqrt{10}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{10}\right)^2}=\left|4+\sqrt{10}\right|-\left|4-\sqrt{10}\right|=4+\sqrt{10}-4+\sqrt{10}=2\sqrt{10}\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2015}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}}{\left(\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}\right)\left(\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}}{\left(\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2015}\right)\left(\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}}{2013-2014}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}}{2014-2015}=-\left(\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}\right)+\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}=-\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}=\sqrt{2015}-\sqrt{2013}\)
2.
a) \(x^2-2\sqrt{5}x+5=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2.x.\sqrt{5}+\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{5}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{5}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{5}\)Vậy S={\(\sqrt{5}\)}
b) ĐK:x\(\ge-3\)
\(\sqrt{x+3}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+3}\right)^2=1^2\Leftrightarrow x+3=1\Leftrightarrow x=-2\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy S={-2}
3.
a) \(A=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-2\sqrt{x}-1+2\sqrt{x}+2=x-\sqrt{x}+1\)
b) Ta có \(A=x-\sqrt{x}+1=x-2\sqrt{x}.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có \(\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN của A=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
a) \(13-\sqrt{\left(8x-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{x^2}\) (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow13-\left|8x-1\right|=\left|x\right|\)
Th1: \(8x-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow13-8x+1=x\Leftrightarrow9x=14\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{14}{9}\left(N\right)\)
Th2: \(x\le0\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow13+8x-1=-x\Leftrightarrow9x=-12\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\left(N\right)\)
Th3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-1\ge0\\x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\le x\le0\) (vô lý)
Th4: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-1\le0\\x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow0\le x\le\dfrac{1}{8}\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow13-8x+1=x\Leftrightarrow9x=14\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{14}{9}\left(L\right)\)
Kl: x= 14/9 , x= -4/3
b) \(\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)^2}=3\Leftrightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|2x+3\right|=3\)(*)
Th1: \(x\ge-1\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow x+1+2x+3=3\Leftrightarrow3x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(N\right)\)
Th2: \(x\le-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow-x-1-2x-3=3\Leftrightarrow-3x=7\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{7}{3}\left(N\right)\)
Th3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1\ge0\\2x+3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow-1\le x\le-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (vô lý)
Th4: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1\le0\\2x+3\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{3}{2}\le x\le-1\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow-x-1-2x-3=3\Leftrightarrow-3x=7\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{7}{3}\left(L\right)\)
Kl: x= -1/3 , x= -7/3
a: \(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-2\sqrt{3}x-1+\sqrt{3}=0\)
\(\text{Δ}=\left(-2\sqrt{3}\right)^2-4\cdot4\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\)
\(=12-16\sqrt{3}+16=28-16\sqrt{3}=\left(4-2\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
Do đó: Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-4+2\sqrt{3}}{8}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{3}-4}{8}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\\x_2=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}+4-2\sqrt{3}}{8}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: Đặt \(x^2=a\)
Pt sẽ là \(a^2-7a+3=0\)
\(\text{Δ}=\left(-7\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot3=49-12=37>0\)
Do đó: Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1=\dfrac{7-\sqrt{37}}{2}\left(nhận\right)\\a_2=\dfrac{7+\sqrt{37}}{2}\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{7-\sqrt{37}}{2}}\\x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{7+\sqrt{37}}{2}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x^2+4=-x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4+x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+6=0\)
\(\text{Δ}=1^2-4\cdot1\cdot6=-23< 0\)
Do đó:Phương trình vô nghiệm
Bài 1
a) √81a - √36a - √144a = 9√a - 6√a - 12√a = -9√a
b) √75 - √48 - √300 = 5√3 - 4√3 - 10√3 = -9√3
Bài 2
a) √2x-3 = 7
⇒ 2x-3 = 49 ⇔ 2x = 52 ⇔ x =26
c) √16x - √9x = 2
⇔ 4√x - 3√x = 2 ⇔ √x = 2 ⇔ x = 4
Bài 3
a) √(2-√5)2 = l 2-√5 l = √5-2
b) (a - 3)2 + (a - 9)
= a2 - 6a + 9 + a - 9 = a2 - 5a
c) A=\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3x+3}{x-9}:\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-3}-1\right)\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)-3x-3}{x-9}\right):\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2-\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-3}\right)\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{2x-6\sqrt{x}+x+3\sqrt{x}-3x-3}{x-9}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\right)\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{-3\sqrt{x}-3}{x-9}\right).\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{-3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-9}\right).\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{-3\sqrt{x}+9}{x-9}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(x>0\) và \(x\ne1\)
Câu a : \(P=\left(\dfrac{2-x}{x-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2-x}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2-x+\sqrt{x}+x-1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Câu b : Thay \(x=\dfrac{9}{16}\) vào P ta được :
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{16}}-1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{16}}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-1}{\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{-1}{4}}{\dfrac{3}{4}}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Câu c : Để \(P< \dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}-2< \sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}< 2\Leftrightarrow x< 4\)
\(x^2+2x\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}+3x+1=0\)
ĐK: \(x-\frac{1}{x}\ge0\)
\(+x=0\text{ thì }pt\text{ thành }0=1\text{ (vô lí)}\)
\(+\text{Xét }x\ne0;\text{ }pt\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}=3+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)+2\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}-3=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}=t\ge0;\text{ }pt\text{ thành }t^2+2t-3=0\)
\(c\text{) }x^2+\sqrt[3]{x^4-x^2}=2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)-2x+\sqrt[3]{x^2\left(x^2-1\right)}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x^2-1}=a;\text{ }\sqrt[3]{x}=b\)
\(pt\text{ trở thành }a^3-2b^3+ab^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+2b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\text{ hoặc }\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7b^2}{4}=0\)
\(a=b\text{ thì }\sqrt[3]{x^2-1}=\sqrt[3]{x}\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=x\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
\(\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7b^2}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow b=0\text{ và }a+\frac{b}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=0\)
Suy ra \(\sqrt[3]{x^2-1}=0\text{ và }\sqrt[3]{x}=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\text{ và }x^2-1=0\text{ (vô nghiệm)}\)
Điều kiện để biểu thức có nghĩa là:
1) 5x - 10 ≥ 0
⇔ 5x ≥ 10
⇔ x ≥ 2.
2) 1 + x\(^2\) > 1 ∀ x
⇒ Luôn có nghĩa với mọi giá trị x
3) 3 - x ≥ 0 và 2 - x > 0
⇔ x < 3 và x < 2
⇔ x < 2
4) - 1 + x > 0
⇔ x > 1.
a) điều kiện xác định : \(x\ge0;x\ne1\)
ta có : \(P=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}+\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{1-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-\left(3\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)-\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-7\sqrt{x}+6-2x-\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(2-5\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\) b) ta có : \(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow4-10\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{x}+3\)\(\Leftrightarrow11\sqrt{x}=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{1}{11}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{121}\)
c) ta có : \(P-\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{2-5\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{-17}{3}\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\le0\) \(\Rightarrow P-\dfrac{2}{3}\le0\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{2}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a, \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}}{\sqrt{x-1}}\) = 2 đk x >1
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}}\) = 2
⇔ \(\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\) = 4
⇔ x + 1 = 4x - 4
3x = 5
x =5/3
b, \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}}\) = 2 đk x ϵ { x ϵ R| x≤-1. x >1}
⇔ \(\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}\) = 4
⇔ x - 1 = 4x + 4
⇔ 3x = -5
x = -5/3