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Lời giải:
a) Số hạng thứ $n$: \(\frac{1}{n(2n-1)(2n+1)}\)
b) Tổng $A$ có 2011 số hạng có dạng là:
\(A=\frac{1}{1.1.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.5}+....+\frac{1}{2011.4021.4023}\)
\(A=\frac{2}{2.1.3}+\frac{2}{4.3.5}+\frac{2}{6.5.7}+....+\frac{2}{4022.4021.4023}\)
\(=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+\frac{2}{5.6.7}+...+\frac{2}{4021.4022.4023}\)
\(< \frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{2011.2012.2013}\)
$A< \frac{3-1}{1.2.3}+\frac{4-2}{2.3.4}+\frac{5-3}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2013-2011}{2011.2012.2013}$
$A< \frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-....-\frac{1}{2012.2013}$
$A< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2012.2013}< \frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3}$
Xét \(4S=1+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4^2}+\dfrac{4}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{2014}{4^{2013}}\)
=> \(3S=4S-S=\left(1+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{2014}{4^{2013}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{2014}{4^{2014}}\right)\)
=> \(3S=1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}-\dfrac{2014}{4^{2014}}< 1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}\)
Đặt \(A=1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}\)
=> \(4A=4+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2012}}\)
=> \(3A=4A-A=\left(4+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2012}}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}\right)\)
=> \(3A=4-\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}< 4\)
=> \(A< \dfrac{4}{3}\)
=> \(3S< \dfrac{4}{3}\)
=> \(S< \dfrac{4}{9}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(4S=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}\)
\(4S-S=3S=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+....+\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\right)\)
\(3S=1+\left(\frac{2}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{4^2}-\frac{2}{4^2}\right)+......+\left(\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2013}{4^{2013}}\right)-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
\(3S=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+.....+\frac{1}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
đặt \(A=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2023}}\)
\(4A-A=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+.....+\frac{1}{4^{2022}}-\left(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2023}}\right)\)
\(3A=4-\frac{1}{4^{2023}}\)
\(A=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2023}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3S=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2023}}-\frac{2014}{4^{2024}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{9.4^{2023}}-\frac{2014}{3.4^{2024}}\)
do \(\frac{4}{9}< \frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{9.4^{2023}}-\frac{2014}{3.4^{2024}}< \frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(S=\frac{1}{1.1.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.5}+\frac{1}{3.5.7}+\frac{1}{4.7.9}+...+\frac{1}{100.199.201}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{4.3.5}+\frac{2}{6.5.7}+\frac{2}{8.7.9}+...+\frac{2}{200.199.201}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{2}{3.4.5}< \frac{2}{3.5}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3.5}+\frac{2}{5.7}+\frac{2}{7.9}+...+\frac{2}{199.201}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{9}+....+\frac{1}{199}-\frac{1}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{201}< \frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{2}{3}\)
Chúc học tốt.
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