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a ) S = 4 + 42 + 43 + 44 + ..... + 499 + 4100
⇒ S = ( 4 + 42 ) + ( 43 + 44 ) + .... + ( 497 + 498 ) + ( 499 + 4100 )
⇒ S = 4.( 1 + 4 ) + 43.( 1 + 4 ) + ...... + 497.( 1 + 4 ) + 499.( 1 + 4 )
⇒ S = 4.5 + 43.5 + ..... + 497.5 + 499.5
⇒ S = 5.( 4 + 43 + ..... + 497 + 499 )
Vì 5 ⋮ 5 ⇒ S ⋮ 5 ( đpcm )
Câu b tương tự .
a) Đặt biểu thức trên là A, ta có:
A = 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 299 + 2100
=> A = (21 + 22) + (23 + 24) + ... + (299 + 2100)
=> A = 21.(1 + 2) + 23.(1 + 2) + ... + 299.(1 + 2)
=> A = 21.3 + 23.3 + ... + 299.3
=> A = 3(21 + 23 + ... + 299)
=> A ⋮ 3
\(26=13.2\)
\(s=3.\left(1+3+9\right)+3^4.\left(1+3+9\right)+....+3^{2012}.\left(1+3+9\right)\)
\(s=3.13+3^413+.....+3^{2012}.13\)
\(s=13.\left(3+3^4+....+3^{2012}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow s=3.\left(1+3\right)+3^3.\left(1+3\right)+.......+3^{2015}.\left(1+3\right)\)
\(s=3.4+3^3.4+....+3^{2015}.4\)
\(s=4.\left(3+3^3+.....+3^{2015}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4⋮2\Rightarrow4.\left(3+3^3+....+3^{2015}\right)⋮2\)
\(\Rightarrow s⋮2\Leftrightarrow s⋮13\)
\(\Rightarrow s⋮\orbr{\begin{cases}13\\2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow s⋮26\)
\(S=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{9}< \frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}=\frac{1}{16}< \frac{1}{12}=\frac{1}{3.4}\)
Tương tự đến hết thì:
\(\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{10000}< \frac{1}{9900}=\frac{1}{99.100}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{98.99}+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
=>\(S< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
=>\(S< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(S< \frac{1}{2}\)
nhận xét
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3.3}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}=\frac{1}{4\cdot4}< \frac{1}{3\cdot4}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\)
...........................................
\(\frac{1}{99^2}=\frac{1}{99\cdot99}< \frac{1}{98\cdot99}=\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}\)
\(\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{100\cdot100}< \frac{1}{99\cdot100}=\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
ta có
S=\(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
S=\(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{2}\)
=>S<\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy S<\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Có : S = (1+2)+(2^2+2^3)+.....+(2^98+2^99)
= 3+2^2.(1+2)+......+2^98.(1+2)
= 3+2^2.3+.....+2^98.3
= 3.(1+2^2+......+2^98) chia hết cho 3
=> S chia hết cho 3
Có : 2S = 2+2^2+....+2^100
S = 2S - S = (2+2^2+....+2^100)-(1+2+2^2+....+2^99) = 2^100 - 1
=> S+1 = 2^100-1+1 = 2^100 = (2^2)^50 = 4^50 = 4^48+2
=> ĐPCM
Tk mk nha