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Bài 1:
a: \(\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}+\dfrac{4}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-2x+1-x^2-2x-1+4}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-4x+4}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-4}{x+1}\)
b: \(=\dfrac{xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{x^4y}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{x}{x^4}=\dfrac{1}{x^3}\)
c: Đề thiếu rồi bạn
ta có: a + b + c = 0 => a+b = - c => a2 + 2ab + b2 = c2 => a2 + b2 - c2 = - 2ab
tương tự như trên, ta có: b2 + c2 - a2 = -2bc; c2 + a2 - b2 = -2ac
thay vào A, có:
\(A=\frac{1}{-2bc}-\frac{1}{2ca}-\frac{1}{2ab}\)
\(A=-\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{ab}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{0}{abc}\right)=0\)
KL: A = 0 tại a + b + c = 0
1. a + b + c = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)a + b = -c \(\Rightarrow\)( a + b )2 = ( -c )2 \(\Rightarrow\)a2 + b2 - c2 = -2ab
Tương tự : b2 + c2 - a2 = -2bc ; c2 + a2 - b2 = -2ac
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2ab}+\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ac}=\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=0\)
2. tương tự
3,4 . có ở dưới, câu hỏi của Quyết Tâm chiến thắng
"Chấm" nhẹ hóng cao nhân ạ :)
P/s: mong các bác giải theo cách lớp 8 ạ :) Tặng 5SP / 1 câu nhé ;)
1.
a + b + c = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)a = - ( b + c ) \(\Rightarrow\)a2 = [ -( b + c ) ]2 \(\Rightarrow\)a2 = b2 + c2 + 2bc
Tương tự : b2 = a2 + c2 + 2ac ; c2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
a + b + c = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc ( chứng minh )
Ta có : \(A=\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2+2bc-b^2-c^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+c^2+2ac-a^2-c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2+2ab-a^2-b^2}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(A=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\frac{3abc}{2abc}=\frac{3}{2}\)
2. quy đồng mà giải
a/ \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b-c\Leftrightarrow a^2=b^2+c^2+2bc\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
Tương tự : \(b^2-a^2-c^2=2ac\) , \(c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)
Suy ra \(A=\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}=\frac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Thật vậy : \(a+b=-c\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab.\left(-c\right)=3abc\)
Áp dụng được \(A=\frac{3abc}{2abc}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ Tương tự.
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=> \(\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)
=> \(ab+bc+ac=0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab=-bc-ac\\bc=-ab-ac\\ac=-ab-bc\end{cases}}\)
a) \(N=\frac{bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{ca}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}+\frac{ca}{b^2-ab-bc+ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2-ac-bc+ab}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{ca}{b\left(b-a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(c-a\right)-b\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{ca}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{ca\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{ca^2-c^2a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c-bc^2-ca^2+c^2a+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(c^2a-bc^2\right)-\left(ca^2-b^2c\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-ac-bc+ab\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(ab-bc\right)-\left(ac-c^2\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[b\left(a-c\right)-c\left(a-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
b) \(P=\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2-ab-bc+ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2-bc-ac+ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\left(b-a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c\left(c-b\right)-a\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2b-a^2c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2a-b^2c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2b-a^2c-b^2a+b^2c+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac-bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}ab=-\left(bc+ca\right)\\bc=-\left(ab+ca\right)\\ca=-\left(ab+bc\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+2bc=a^2+bc-ab-ca=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\\b^2+2ac=b^2+ac-ab-bc=\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\\c^2+2ab=c^2+ab-bc-ca=\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
P/S: đến đây tự lm nhé