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a) MTC chọn là: \(2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^4}\)
Nhân tử phụ của \(\dfrac{5}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}}}\) và \(\dfrac{3}{{x{y^4}}}\) lầm lượt là: y; 2x
Vậy: \(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{5}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}}} = \dfrac{{5.y}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}.y}} = \dfrac{{5y}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^4}}}\\\dfrac{3}{{x{y^4}}} = \dfrac{{3.2{\rm{x}}}}{{x{y^4}.2{\rm{x}}}} = \dfrac{{6{\rm{x}}}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^4}}}\end{array}\)
b) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{3}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{\rm{x}}}} = \dfrac{3}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 5} \right)}}\\\dfrac{2}{{{x^2} - 25}} = \dfrac{2}{{\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\end{array}\)
Chọn MTC là: \(2{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của các mẫu thức trên lần lượt là: \(\left( {x + 5} \right);2{\rm{x}}\)
Vậy:
\(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{3}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{\rm{x}}}} = \dfrac{3}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 5} \right)}} = \dfrac{{3\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{{2{\rm{x}}.\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\\\dfrac{2}{{{x^2} - 25}} = \dfrac{2}{{\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2.2{\rm{x}}}}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \dfrac{{4{\rm{x}}}}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 5} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\end{array}\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\dfrac{1}{2x^3y}=\dfrac{6yz^3}{12x^3y^2z^3}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{3xy^2z^3}=\dfrac{2\cdot4x^2}{12x^3y^2z^3}=\dfrac{8x^2}{12x^3y^2z^3}\)
a)MTC:\(12x^5y^4\)
\(\dfrac{5}{x^5y^3}=\dfrac{5\cdot12y}{x^5y^3\cdot12y}=\dfrac{60y}{12x^5y^4}\)
\(\dfrac{7}{12x^3y^4}=\dfrac{7\cdot x^2}{12x^3y^4\cdot x^2}=\dfrac{7x^2}{12x^5y^4}\)
b)MTC:\(60x^4y^5\)
\(\dfrac{4}{15x^3y^5}=\dfrac{4\cdot4x}{15x^3y^5\cdot4x}=\dfrac{16x}{60x^4y^5}\)
\(\dfrac{11}{12x^4y^2}=\dfrac{11\cdot5y^3}{12x^4y^2\cdot5y^3}=\dfrac{55y^3}{60x^4y^5}\)
a) MTC: \(12x^3y^3\)
\(\dfrac{3}{4x^3y^2}=\dfrac{3\cdot3y}{4x^3y^2\cdot3y}=\dfrac{9y}{12x^3y^3}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{3xy^3}=\dfrac{2\cdot4x^2}{3xy^3\cdot4x^2}=\dfrac{8x^2}{12x^3y^3}\)
b) MTC: \(x\left(x-3\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{5}{x^2-6x+9}=\dfrac{5}{\left(x-3\right)^2}=\dfrac{5x}{x\left(x-3\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{x^2-3x}=\dfrac{3}{x\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(x-3\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)^2}=\dfrac{3x-9}{x\left(x-3\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 9{y^2}}} - \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{3y - 2{\rm{x}}}}\\ = \dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {3y} \right)}^2}}} + \left( { - \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{3y - 2{\rm{x}}}}} \right)\\ = \dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} + \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}}\\ = \dfrac{{x - 5y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} + \dfrac{{x + 8y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{2{\rm{x}} + 3y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} - \dfrac{{24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2} - 24{\rm{x}}y}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2{\rm{x}} - 3y}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 3y}}\end{array}\)
a) Tìm MTC: x3 – 1 = (x – 1)(x2 + x + 1)
Nên MTC = (x – 1)(x2 + x + 1)
Nhân tử phụ:
(x3 – 1) : (x3 – 1) = 1
(x – 1)(x2 + x + 1) : (x2 + x + 1) = x – 1
(x – 1)(x2+ x + 1) : 1 = (x – 1)(x2 + x + 1)
Qui đồng:
b) Tìm MTC: x + 2
2x – 4 = 2(x – 2)
6 – 3x = 3(2 – x)
MTC = 6(x – 2)(x + 2)
Nhân tử phụ:
6(x – 2)(x + 2) : (x + 2) = 6(x – 2)
6(x – 2)(x + 2) : 2(x – 2) = 3(x + 2)
6(x – 2)(x + 2) : -3(x – 2) = -2(x + 2)
Qui đồng:
a: \(=\dfrac{1-2x+3+2y+2y-4}{6x^3y}=\dfrac{-2x+4y}{6x^3y}=\dfrac{-2\left(x-2y\right)}{6x^3y}=\dfrac{-x+2y}{3x^3y}\)
b: \(=\dfrac{x^2-2+2-x}{x\left(x-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{x-1}\)
c: \(=\dfrac{3x+1+x^6-3x}{x^2-3x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^6+1}{x^2-3x+1}\)
d: \(=\dfrac{x^2+38x+4+3x^2-4x-2}{2x^2+17x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x^2+34x+2}{2x^2+17x+1}=2\)
a) Chọn MTC là: \(\left( {x - 3y} \right)\left( {x + 3y} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của các mẫu thức \(\dfrac{2}{{x - 3y}}\) và \(\dfrac{3}{{x + 3y}}\) lần lượt là: \(\left( {x + 3y} \right);\left( {x - 3y} \right)\)
Vậy:
\(\dfrac{2}{{x - 3y}} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + 3y} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 3y} \right)\left( {x + 3y} \right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{{x + 3y}} = \dfrac{{3.\left( {x - 3y} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 3y} \right)\left( {x - 3y} \right)}}\)
b) Ta có: \(\begin{array}{l}4{\rm{x}} + 24 = 4\left( {x + 6} \right)\\{x^2} - 36 = \left( {x - 6} \right)\left( {x + 6} \right)\end{array}\)
Chọn MTC là: \(4\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {x - 6} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của các phân thức \(\dfrac{7}{{4{\rm{x}} + 24}}\) và \(\dfrac{{13}}{{{x^2} - 36}}\) lần lượt là \(\left( {x - 6} \right);4\)
Vậy:
\(\dfrac{7}{{4{\rm{x}} + 24}} = \dfrac{7}{{4\left( {x + 6} \right)}} = \dfrac{{7\left( {x - 6} \right)}}{{4\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {x - 6} \right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{{13}}{{{x^2} - 36}} = \dfrac{{13}}{{\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {x - 6} \right)}} = \dfrac{{13.4}}{{4\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {x - 6} \right)}} = \dfrac{{52}}{{4\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {x - 6} \right)}}\)