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a) x3 + y3 - 3xy + 1
= ( x + y )3 - 3xy( x + y ) - 3xy + 1
= [ ( x + y )3 + 1 ] - [ 3xy( x + y ) + 3xy ]
= ( x + y + 1 )( x2 + 2xy + y2 - x - y + 1 ) - 3xy( x + y + 1 )
= ( x + y + 1 )( x2 - xy + y2 - x - y + 1 )
b) ( 4 - x )5 + ( x - 2 )5 - 32
= [ -( x - 4 ) ]5 + ( x - 2 )5 - 32
Đặt t = x - 3
đthức <=> ( 1 - t )5 + ( 1 + t )5 - 32 ( chỗ này bạn dùng nhị thức Newton để khai triển nhé )
= 10t4 + 20t2 - 30
Đặt y = t2
đthức = 10y2 + 20y - 30
= 10y2 - 10y + 30y - 30
= 10y( y - 1 ) + 30( y - 1 )
= 10( y - 1 )( y + 3 )
= 10( t2 - 1 )( t2 + 3 )
= 10( t - 1 )( t + 1 )( t2 + 3 )
= 10( x - 3 - 1 )( x - 3 + 1 )[ ( x - 3 )2 + 3 ]
= 10( x - 4 )( x - 2 )( x2 - 6x + 12 )
a,\(x^3+y^3-3xy+1\)
\(=\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)+1-3x^2y-3xy^2-3xy\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+1\right]-3xy\left(x+y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+1\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)+1\right]-3xy\left(x+y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-x-y+1-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy-x-y+1\right)\)
\(x^8+x+1\)
\(=x^8+x^7+x^6-x^7-x^6-x^5+x^5+x^4+x^3-x^4-x^3-x^2+x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^6\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x^5\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^6-x^5+x^3-x^2+1\right)\)
\(x^8+3x^4+4\)
\(=\left(x^8-x^6+2x^4\right)+\left(x^6-x^4+2x^2\right)+\left(2x^4-2x^2+4\right)\)
\(=x^4\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)+x^2\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)+2\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^4+x^2+2\right)\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)\)
\(4x^4+4x^3+5x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(4x^4+2x^3+2x^2\right)+\left(2x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(2x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=2x^2\left(2x^2+x+1\right)+x\left(2x^2+x+1\right)+\left(2x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
Đơn giản thôi :]>
Sau khi phân tích thì P(x) có dạng ( x2 + dx + 2 )( x2 + ax - 2 )
P(x) = x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = ( x2 + dx + 2 )( x2 + ax - 2 )
⇔ x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = x4 + ax3 - 2x2 + dx3 + adx2 - 2dx + 2x2 + 2ax - 4
⇔ x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = x4 + ( a + d )x3 + adx2 + ( 2a - 2d )x - 4
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+d=-1\\ad=0\\2a-2d=-2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-1\\d=0\end{cases}}\)
( x2 + dx + 2 )( x2 + ax - 2 )
= ( x2 + 2 )( x2 - x - 2 )
= ( x2 + 2 )( x2 - 2x + x - 2 )
= ( x2 + 2 )[ x( x - 2 ) + ( x - 2 ) ]
= ( x2 + 2 )( x - 2 )( x + 1 )
=> P(x) = x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = ( x2 + 2 )( x - 2 )( x + 1 )
B1:
a) \(5\left(x^2+y^2\right)-20x^2y^2\)
\(=5\left(x^2-4x^2y^2+y^2\right)\)
b) \(=2\left(x^8-16\right)=2\left(x^4-4\right)\left(x^4+4\right)=2\left(x^2-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x^4+4\right)\)
B2:
a) Đặt \(x^2-3x+1=y\)
=> \(y^2-12y+27\)
\(=\left(y^2-12y+36\right)-9\)
\(=\left(y-6\right)^2-3^2\)
\(=\left(y-9\right)\left(y-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-3x-10\right)\left(x^2-3x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-3x-10\right)\)
b) Đặt \(x^2+7x+11=t\)
Ta có: \(\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]\cdot\left[\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\right]-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)-24\)
\(=\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)-24\)
\(=t^2-25\)
\(=\left(t-5\right)\left(t+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
x^5+x^4+1=x^5+x^4+x^3-x^3-x^2-x+x^2+x+1=x^3(x^2+x+1)-x(x^2+x+1)+x^2+x+1=(x^3-x+1)(x^2+x+1)
\(x^5+x^4+1\)
\(=x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
Ta có : x5 - x4 + x4 - x3 - x4 + x3 - x2 + x2 - x + x - 1
= x4(x - 1) + x3(x - 1) - x3(x - 1) - x2(x - 1) + x2(x - 1) + (x - 1)
= (x4 + x3 - x3 - x2 + x2 + 1) (x - 1)
= (x4 + 1)(x - 1)
\(4^x-12.2^x+32=2^x.2^x+4.2^x-8.2^x+4.8\)
\(=2^x\left(2^x-4\right)-8\left(2^x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(2^x-8\right)\left(2^x-4\right)\)
4x - 12 . 2x + 32
= ( 2x )2 - 12 . 2x + 36 - 4
= ( 2x - 6 )2 - 22
= ( 2x - 8 ) ( 2x - 4 )