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Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a, a2-b2 -4a+4
\(=\left(a-2\right)^2-b^2\)
\(=\left(a-b-2\right)\left(a-b+2\right)\)
b, x2+2x-3
\(=x^2+3x-x-3\)
\(=x\left(x+3\right)-\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
c,4x2y2 - (x2+y2)2
\(=\left(2xy-x^2-y^2\right)\left(2xy+x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
d,2a3-54b3
\(=2\left(a^3-27b^3\right)=2\left(a-3b\right)\left(a^2+3ab+9b^2\right)\)
\(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)-\left(2x+4y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
\begin{array}{l} a){\left( {ab - 1} \right)^2} + {\left( {a + b} \right)^2}\\ = {a^2}{b^2} - 2ab + 1 + {a^2} + 2ab + {b^2}\\ = {a^2}{b^2} + 1 + {a^2} + {b^2}\\ = {a^2}\left( {{b^2} + 1} \right) + \left( {{b^2} + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {{a^2} + 1} \right)\left( {{b^2} + 1} \right)\\ c){x^3} - 4{x^2} + 12x - 27\\ = {x^3} - 27 + \left( { - 4{x^2} + 12x} \right)\\ = \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 3x + 9} \right) - 4x\left( {x - 3} \right)\\ = \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 3x + 9 - 4x} \right)\\ = \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} - x + 9} \right)\\ b){x^3} + 2{x^2} + 2x + 1\\ = {x^3} + 2{x^2} + x + x + 1\\ = x\left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right) + \left( {x + 1} \right)\\ = x{\left( {x + 1} \right)^2} + \left( {x + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x\left( {x + 1} \right) + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)\\ d){x^4} - 2{x^3} + 2x - 1\\ = {x^4} - 2{x^3} + {x^2} - {x^2} + 2x - 1\\ = {x^2}\left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\\ = {\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)\\ = {\left( {x - 1} \right)^3}\left( {x + 1} \right)\\ e){x^4} + 2{x^3} + 2{x^2} + 2x + 1\\ = {x^4} + 2{x^3} + {x^2} + {x^2} + 2x + 1\\ = {x^2}\left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right) + \left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\\ = {\left( {x + 1} \right)^2}\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right) \end{array} |
Bài1: Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a)36-4x2+4xy-y2
\(=6^2-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=6^2-\left(2x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(6+2x-y\right)\left(6-2x+y\right)\)
b)2x4+3x2-5
\(=2x^4-2x^2+5x^2-5\)
\(=2x^2\left(x^2-1\right)+5\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x^2+5\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x^2+5\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
B1:a)\(36-4x^2+4xy-y^2=36-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)=6^2-\left(2x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(6-2x+y\right)\left(6+2x-y\right)\)
c)\(a^3-ab^2+a^2+b^2-2ab=a\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\)\(=a\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+a-b\right)\)
d)\(x^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)x+a^2b^2=x^2-a^2x-b^2x+a^2b^2\)\(=x\left(x-a^2\right)-b^2\left(x-a^2\right)=\left(x-a^2\right)\left(x-b^2\right)\)
e)\(x\left(x-y\right)+x^2-y^2=x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+x+y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)\)
a) 3x2 - 7x + 2
= 3x2 - 6x - x + 2
= (3x2 - 6x) - (x - 2)
= 3x (x - 2) - (x - 2)
= (3x - 1) (x - 2)
\(A=a^4+a^3+a^3b+a^2b\)
\(A=a\left(a^3+a^2\right)+b\left(a^3+a^2\right)\)
\(A=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+a^2\right)\)
\(A=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(A=x^2+6x+5=x^2+5x+x+5=x\left(x+5\right)+\left(x+5\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
Đặt \(a=x^2-x+2\) ta có:
\(B=\left(a-1\right).a-12=a^2-a-12=a^2+3a-4a-12=a\left(a+3\right)-4\left(a+3\right)=\left(a+3\right)\left(a-4\right)\)
Thay a = x2 - x + 2 vào ta được:
\(\left(x^2-x+2-4\right)\left(x^2-x+2+3\right)=\left(x^2-x-2\right)\left(x^2-x+5\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2-x+5\right)\)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm\frac{3}{2};x\ne1;x\ne0\)
\(A=\left(\frac{2+3x}{2-3x}-\frac{36x^2}{9x^2-4}-\frac{2-3x}{2+3x}\right):\frac{x^2-x}{2x^2-3x^3}\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(2+3x\right)^2}{\left(2+3x\right)\left(2-3x\right)}+\frac{36x^2}{\left(2-3x\right)\left(2+3x\right)}-\frac{\left(2-3x\right)^2}{\left(2-3x\right)\left(2+3x\right)}\right]:\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x^2\left(2-3x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{4+12x+9x^2+36x^2-4+12x-9x^2}{\left(2+3x\right)\left(2-3x\right)}\cdot\frac{x\left(2-3x\right)}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{36x^2+24x}{\left(2+3x\right)\left(2-3x\right)}\cdot\frac{x\left(2-3x\right)}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{12x\left(3x+2\right)}{2+3x}\cdot\frac{x}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{12x^2}{x-1}\)
Để A nguyên dương hay \(\frac{12x^2}{x-1}\) nguyên dương
Mà \(12x^2\ge0\Rightarrow x-1>0\Rightarrow x>1\)
Vậy để A nguyên dương thì x là số nguyên dương lớn hơn 1.
Bài 1:
a) 25x2 - 10xy + y2 = (5x - y)2
b) 81x2 - 64y2 = (9x)2 - (8y)2 = (9x - 8y)(9x + 8y)
c) 8x3 + 36x2y + 54xy2 + 27y3
= 8x3 + 27y3 + 36x2y + 54xy2
= (2x + 3y)(4x2 - 6xy + 9y2) + 18xy(2x + 3y)
= (2x + 3y)(4x2 - 6xy + 18xy + 9y2)
= (2x + 3y)(4x2 + 12xy + 9y2)
= (2x + 3y)(2x + 3y)2 = (2x + 3y)3
c) (a2 + b2 - 5)2 - 4(ab + 2)2 = (a2 + b2 - 5)2 - 22(ab + 2)2
= (a2 + b2 - 5)2 - (2ab + 4)2
= (a2 + b2 - 5 - 2ab - 4)(a2 + b2 - 5 + 2ab + 4)
= (a2 - 2ab + b2 - 9)(a2 + 2ab + b2 - 1)
= \(\left [ (a - b)^{2} - 3^{2} \right ]\)\(\left [ (a + b)^{2} - 1\right ]\)
= (a - b - 3)(a - b + 3)(a + b - 1)(a + b + 1)
pn đăng mỗi lần vài bài thôi chứ đăng nhìn ngán lắm
Bài 2:
a) 2x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 3
= 2x3 + 2x + 3x2 + 3
= 2x(x2 + 1) + 3(x2 + 1)
= (x2 + 1)(2x + 3)
b)x3z + x2yz - x2z2 - xyz2
= xz(x2 + xy - xz - yz)
= \(xz\left [ x(x + y) - z(x + y) \right ]\)
= xz(x + y)(x - z)
c) x2y + xy2 - x - y
= xy(x + y) - (x + y)
= (x + y)(xy - 1)
d) 8xy3 - 5xyz - 24y2 + 15z
= 8xy3 - 24y2 - 5xyz + 15z
= 8y2(xy - 3) - 5z(xy - 3)
= (xy - 3)(8y2 - 5z)
e) x3 + y(1 - 3x2) + x(3y2 - 1) - y3
= x3 - y3 + y - 3x2y + 3xy2 - x
= (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2) - 3xy(x - y) - (x - y)
= (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2 - 3xy - 1)
= (x - y)(x2 - 2xy + y2 - 1)
= \((x - y)\left [ (x - y)^{2} - 1 \right ]\)
= (x - y)(x - y - 1)(x - y + 1)
câu f tương tự
a, x^5+x^4+x^3-x^3-x²-x+x²+x+1
= x^3(x²+x+1)-x(x²+x+1)+1(x²+x+1)
= (x²+x+1).(x³-x²+1)
a) a2 - b2 - 4a + 4
= (a2 - 4a + 4) - b2
= (a - 2)2 - b2
= (a - 2 - b)(a - 2 + b)
b) x2 + 2x - 3
= x2 + 3x - x - 3
= x(x + 3) - (x + 3)
= (x + 3)(x - 1)
c) 4x2y2 - ( x2 + y2)2
= (2xy)2 - (x2 + y2)2
= -(x2 - 2xy + y2)(x2 + 2xy + y2)
= -(x - y)2 (x + y)2
câu d hình như sai đề thì phải, nếu đề như vậy thì không phân tích được ra nhân tử =)