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\(5,\\ a,=x^4+4x^2+4-4x^2=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-4x^2=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\\ b,=x^4+16x^2+64-16x^2=\left(x^2+8\right)^2-16x^2=\left(x^2-4x+8\right)\left(x^2+4x+8\right)\\ c,=x^8+x^7+x^6-x^6+x^5-x^5+x^4-x^4+x^3-x^3+x^2-x^2+x-x+1\\ =x^6\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x^4\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^6-x^4+x^3-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(d,=x^8+2x^4+1-x^4=\left(x^4+1\right)^2-x^4=\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)\\ =\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^4+2x^2+1-x^2\right)\\ =\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ e,=x^5+x^4-x^4+x^3-x^3+x^2-x^2+x+1\\ =x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x^2\left(x^2+x+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ f,=x^3+2x^2-x^2-2x+2x+4\\ =\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-x+2\right)\\ g,=x^4+2x^2+1-25=\left(x^2+1\right)^2-25\\ =\left(x^2+1-5\right)\left(x^2-1-5\right)=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2-6\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-6\right)\)
\(h,=x^3-2x^2+2x^2-4x+2x-4=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\\ i,=a^4-4a^2b^2+4b^4-4a^2b^2=\left(a^2-2b^2\right)^2-4a^2b^2\\ =\left(a^2-2ab-2b^2\right)\left(a^2+2ab-2b^2\right)\)
a) Đặt \(a=x^2+x\)
Đa thức trở thành: \(a^2-14a+24=\left(a^2-14a+49\right)-25=\left(a-7\right)^2-25=\left(a-7-5\right)\left(a-7+5\right)=\left(a-12\right)\left(a-2\right)\)
Thay a:
\(\left(a-12\right)\left(a-2\right)=\left(x^2+x-12\right)\left(x^2+x-2\right)\)
b) Đặt \(a=x^2+x\)
Đa thức trở thành:
\(\left(x^2+x\right)^2+4x^2+4x-12=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+x\right)-12=a^2+4a-12=\left(a^2+4x+4\right)-16=\left(a+2\right)^2-16=\left(a+2-4\right)\left(a+2+4\right)=\left(a-2\right)\left(a+6\right)\)
Thay a:
\(\left(a-2\right)\left(a+6\right)=\left(x^2+x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+6\right)\)
a) \(2\left(x+5\right)-x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+10-x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2-3x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+5x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)+5\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=-5\end{cases}}}\)
b) \(x^3-6x^2+12x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-8\right)-\left(6x^2-12x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)-6x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4-6x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
c)\(16x^2-9\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x\right)^2-\left[3\left(x+1\right)\right]^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x-3x-1\right)\left(4x+3x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(7x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\7x+1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-\frac{1}{7}\end{cases}}}\)
d) \(x^3+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2=0\\x+1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-1\end{cases}}}\)
e)\(x^2-2x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-3x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)-3\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\x-3=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-1\\x=3\end{cases}}}\)
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